The Philistines were a people who occupied the southern coast of Canaan ... There is not enough information of the original language of the Philistines to relate it securely to any other languages, although possible relations to Indo-European languages support the theory that immigrant Philistines originated among "sea peoples".

Modern archaeology has also suggested early cultural links with the Mycenean world in mainland Greece.Though the Philistines adopted local Canaanite culture and language before leaving any written texts (and later adopted Aramaic language), an Indo-European origin has been suggested for a handful of known Philistine words that survived as loan words in Hebrew. If the Philistines are to be identified as one of the "Sea Peoples" , then their occupation of Canaan would have to have taken place during the reign of Ramesses III of the Twentieth Dynasty, ca. 1180 to 1150 BC ... In Egypt, a people called the "Peleset" (or, more precisely, prst), generally identified with the Philistines, appear in the Medinet Habu inscription of Ramesses III ... "Sea Peoples," who had wandered, at the beginning of the 12th century BC, from their homeland in Crete and the Aegean islands ...

Nothing is known for certain about the language of the Philistines. There is some limited evidence in favor of the assumption that the Philistines did originally speak some Indo-European language. A number of Philistine-related words found in the Bible are not Semitic, and can in some cases, with reservations, be traced back to Proto-Indo-European roots. For example, the Philistine word for captain, seren, may be related to the Greek word tyrannos (which, however, has not been traced to a PIE root). Some of the Philistine names, such as Goliath, Achish, and Phicol, appear to be of non-Semitic origin, and Indo-European etymologies have been suggested. Recently, an inscription dating to the late 10th/early 9th centuries BC with two names, very similar to one of the suggested etymologies of the popular Philistine name Goliath (Lydian Alyattes, or perhaps Greek Kalliades) was found in the excavations at Gath. The appearance of additional non-Semitic names in Philistine inscriptions from later stages of the Iron Age is an additional indication of the non-Semitic origins of this group.

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