BODY PARTS



Updated 2005-09-06







- =refers to suffixes following it and these may be dropped in some languages



_ = refers to deleted phoneme positions.



~ = refers to alternating phonemes in different dialects, or simple alternating phonemes characteristic in a language.



(..) =refers to a phoneme which may be dropped or its internal value used.



Some language groups like Samoyed and Lapp have major branches which arent listed separately and thus



are not as exact as they could be.


= refers to changes that never converted all the phonems, just some.

Reconstructions refers to daughter languages derived from a reconstructed protoform that is listed
at the top of each word using a sound rule program to execute the changes. (Lingua is my own software)


Some words are found in other language families also, but when they are a rare example they are more than



likely just loan words.



Just because a word is found in another protolanguage doesn’t necessarily mean its borrowed from there, in some instances its a common inheritance from an earlier partental language. Perhaps the hypothetical Ural-Altaic or even an earlier protoparent. Some protowords can be traced all the way back to Africa. In borrowing there is no prefered direction of borrowing.












Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ańća-== groin area (body)


_ g a~u - ................EmeGir/Sumr _ga-l 4 = genitalia, vulva;



_ g e - ..................EmeSal/Sumr .



a gy a~o - ...............Magyar/Hung ágy-ék =groin area



a~o ńœ~ńć a - ............Vogul/Mansi úńš =buttock, rear, rump







Reconstructions............FinnUgor *ai?e== (a?e) mouth , opening (body)


_ k~g e~i .................EmeGir/Sumr _ku (?>k)=mouth;



a j e~i ...................Magyar/Hung áj_=opening,fissure,slit,ravine; aj-ak =chin,lip; aj-tó=door



a~o ? e ...................Ostyak/Khan o?=mouth,opening,entrance,bay;



u~o ? e ...................Cherem/Mari ??=mouth,opening,outlet;



o~u m ....................Votyak/Udm im, em=mouth,opening; ym=estuary,mouth;



o~u m ....................Zuryen/Komi vom=mouth,opening,outlet;



a~e ? o ...................Mordvin ??,oj=bit on a bridle;



vuo ?~k e .................Lapp/Saami vuo??-s=mouth muzzle for a dog



(v)o ? e ..................Samoyed ń-??_=mouth/Yurak; na'=mouth/Eńec; _?a-n=mouth/Selkup; ??_/Kamas;



aa i ? e .................Yukagir a?a=mouth



ALTAIC *ág?=mouth, to open mouth/Altaic; *agyŕ/Turkic; *ag/Mongolic;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ćare== shit (body) [UralAltaic]



š~s~z a~u r _ ............EmeGir/Sumr šur-im, sur-un=animal excrement; še_ 10 =excrement (im=deverbal suffix)



s~cs a~o r e~i ...........Magyar/Hung szar =shit



š~tš~č o~u r e ...........Ostyak/Khan œor =shit;



č~œ a~o~u r e ............Cherem/Mari šur =shit;



ć~tœ a r o ...............Mordvin œer-ńe- =shit;



ALTAIC s?rV=buttock,defficate/A;*syry~*sary/Turkic;*sari-/Mongolic;seri(gi)Tungus







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *če?kä== person , head , spirit-soul , warm (body)


s>z e~i ?~g e ............EmeGir/Sumr sa?, sa_12=head, point, human; sa?-gig=Sumerian ethnic group



š~s~z e~i n~m e ..........EmeSal/Sumr šen =head, point, human;



s~sz~cs e~i g ...........Magyar/Hung -ság=suffix of ethnic groups > generalities;(?sukku=family)_agy=brain;


č~tš~š e ?k>?? ..........Ostyak/Khan šă?k, tše?k=warm,heat



s>h e~ie nk~ng ä .........Finn/Suomi henki=air,life, person, head, ghost (s>h); suku=family;siki= ofspring



s e nk e .................Livonian ?suk=family



s>h e~i nk~ng ä ..........Estonian hing_=life, person, head, soul ; sugu =family;



č~c ę~ie~i ?k~?g~gg ? ....Lapp/Saami haeg'â=life, body, womb < from Finnish; sokkâ =family



œ~_ e~a ?~k~c a~e ........Etruskan œacu, œaxu =head;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ćerke== germ , seed , ovum (body) [Ugor]


š~s~z e~i r _ e~i .......EmeGir/Sumr šir, sir 4 =testicles; œár = multiply, mix, to be many..;



s~cs e~i r v _ ..........Magyar/Hung csira, sarj, serk-en =germ, seed, ovum, shoot; serken =sprout,grow;



š~tš~č e r (?~x) ........Vogul/Mansi šerk, šürk =germinate







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ćiŸi== nipple, breast, tit (body)


s~cs i~e Ÿ ..............Magyar/Hung csecs, cici =nipple;



š~tš~č o Ÿ ..............Ostyak/Khan cüci, tútí = nipple, breast



č~œ i Ÿ .................Cherem/Mari c?z?, ćizi, ćiŸi =nipple;



č i~ie Ÿ i ...............Lapp/Saami čidžďže =breast, mother;



ALTAIC čič-ig=breast/Turkic; če?eDži/Mongolic'; ča(i)Džan/Tungusic;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ćutte== ankle bone (body)


s~cs u~o t _ .............Magyar/Hung csont =bone (t>nt reflex)



č u~o ?t~ht e ............Lapp/Saami čutta



s~z u t e~a ..............Etruskan œu?-l =bone







Reconstructions........... FinnUgor *čü?ke==(čü?ke) joint , knuckle (body)


s>z u~i (n~g) _ ..........EmeGir/Sumr su_ =hand; sil-ig =hand; ?zi-d=right hand;



s~sz~cs ü~ö n v e~i .....Magyar/Hung csög ~ csüd =pastern, bird's foot; csül-ök=knuckle,



č~tš~š u~o~a ? e .........Ostyak/Khan ?u?-en=joint,limb,muscle; ?uń=finger;



č~š~Ÿ i~e n~ń ...........Votyak/Udm čińi, čińe =finger



š~č~Ÿ i~e n~ń ...........Zuryen/Komi ?œuń,ćyń=finger







Reconstructions............FinnUgor *iće==shadow (spirit) of one's body, self; (body)


e~i š~s~z e~i .............EmeGir/Sumr _zi=soul, breath, breathing; sexual ardor; zu=know,mind-spirit?



i cs~gy~s e~i .............Magyar/Hung iz = shadow spirit(arch);iz=mouth gum disease;zi-hál=breathe hard;



i~o š~č e .................Vogul/Mansi is=(in yiw-is) shade of a tree (is=shade, yiw=tree)



i~o š~č e .................Ostyak/Khan is=mind, soul; is-??r=ghost,phantom, spirit; a?œ- =I myself;



i ć~œ~č ..................Votyak/Udm ač- =I myself;



i~e ć~Ÿ o .................Mordvin äœ, eœ =oneself



y~i s~ts e ................Finn/Suomi itse =oneself



i s~ts e~i ................Estonian ise =oneself



i čč~šš e .................Lapp/Saami ieš, jieš =oneself;



i č~s e ...................Samoyed eDZie = myself, yourelf







Reconstructions............FinnUgor *ińe== (ike-n?) cheek , palate (body)


_ (n~?) e~i ...............EmeGir/Sumr unu 2=cheek



i ny e~i ..................Magyar/Hung iny =palate; iny-enc=some especially tasty food;



i ń ......................Votyak/Udm a? =palate



i ń>n ....................Zuryen/Komi an=gums, flesh around the teeth



y~i n e ...................Finn/Suomi ien =gums



i n e~i ...................Estonian ige? =gums; (this form is not normal)







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *ipse-== (+kke?) smell > taste > flavor (body)


e~i š~z e~i - ..........EmeGir/Sumr _zí_=stench; _ša-g, šig6, ša6=sweet,good;



i v s e~i - .............Magyar/Hung iz_=flavor,sweet( smell*) ,_sza-g=smell



i~o p~w t e - ...........Vogul/Mansi ät=smell; äta?=smelly; et=flavor



i~o p~w t~l e - .........Ostyak/Khan ?p?t,ewal=odor,smell



i w~j~- ž e - ...........Cherem/Mari üpœ, =odor,smell



i p~- z o~u~e - .........Votyak/Udm opeœ



i p~- z o~u~e - .........Zuryen/Komi i_s_=odor,stench;



i~e p~v z e - ...........Mordvin op?š=odor,smell;



i hp~p s e - ............Lapp/Saami afse,avse=odor; hapsa=odor,stench,reindeer excrement in summer;



i b s e - ...............Samoyed ?-ap_-t =odor,smell/Neńec; ?obta=odor,smell/?anasan; aptea;







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *jalka== foot , legg , > walk "on foot" (body)


?~g u l .................EmeGir/Sumr ?iri 3 =road trip. feet. foot. step, way, path; du_ =to walk;



n~m e l .................EmeSal/Sumr meri =foot;



j~gy a~o l(og) ..........Magyar/Hung gyal-og =on foot;gyalogol =walk;[l~r] jár=go about,running machine;



j>d'>- a~o~u l(?) .......Cherem/Mari jol =foot



j a l k a~o .............Finn/Suomi jalka =foot



j a l k ? ...............Estonian jalk = foot, legg;



j o>uo lg ? ..............Lapp/Saami juol'ge =foot, legg;







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *jä?te= bow string, tendon > nerve (tool) (body)


j~gy e d _ ...............Magyar/Hung _id-eg=nerve, bowstring; (j>i)



j~i ä~e ?(k) t .........Vogul/Mansi jaantew=bowstring;



j~i ä~e ?(k) t .........Ostyak/Khan jöt?h=bowstring, net?ord;



j>d'>- ä~e ? e ...........Cherem/Mari j?dä? =sinew, bowstring;



j ä n(t) e ...............Finn/Suomi jänne=bowstring, tendon;



j o~u ?~k d e ...........Samoyed jeddi=bowstring,tendon/Eńeć;neene=tendon,bowstring/Kamas;jeen/Ńeń







Reconstructions...............FinnUgor *kalke== hair 1 (body)


(g~h) u l e~i ............EmeGir/Sumr ?-ka_=fleece;



h a~o l(og) _ ............Magyar/Hung haj=hair; l>j



?~h a l(?) ..............Vogul/Mansi ?aj=hairstrands



k a lg~ld o ..............Mordvin kalgo=chaff,shive?



k a l k e ...............Finn/Suomi kalki =single hair?



g o>uo lg e ..............Lapp/Saami guožgâ =coat,hair?



ALTAIC *kh?l=hair/Altaic







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *kažwe== thickening skin , scabb (body)


(g~h) u l e~i ..........EmeGir/Sumr kul =thick,heavy



h a~o l v _ .............Magyar/Hung hály-og =thickening of the cornea



?~h a ž~?~>k' - ........Vogul/Mansi ?až-p =dandruff; ?ažeB= "birkenrinde"



k o~u l'~j -~v .........Votyak/Udm kiž = small fleck like bark on the upper part of pine trees.



k o~u l'~j -~v .........Zuryen/Komi kiž



k a l v e ...............Finn/Suomi kalvo= thick skin, eye cataract



k a l u e~i .............Estonian kale =eye cataract







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *k?-ma== membraine, peel (body)


(g~h) u -m _ .............EmeGir/Sumr kum ?/ref.missing/



h ? -m _ .................Magyar/Hung h?m_ =membrain, covering



?~h ? -m _ ...............Vogul/Mansi kam-tul=crust,rind;



k ?~? -m _ ...............Cherem/Mari kom =crust,rind;



k ? -m _ .................Votyak/Udm kum-el=crust,rind;



k a -m a~o ...............Finn/Suomi kama-ra=crust,surface, the hard surface of something;



k~? ? -m (a) .............Samoyed k?m =fish scale/Kamas; q??m_/ Selkup;






Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kele== speech , tongue , sing (body) (v)


k~g a~u l _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr gal-a =singer priest, cantor; ?gal-am=artistic;



k e~i l e~i ..............Magyar/Hung köl-t-ö=poet; kiál-t=shouts;



k(w) e l~?~t e ...........Vogul/Mansi kel? =word, report;



k ö l~?~t e ..............Ostyak/Khan köl =speech, word, news;



k e~y~? l e ..............Cherem/Mari k?l =chord, string;



k e~i l .................Votyak/Udm kyl =language,tongue, speech, word;



k e~i l .................Zuryen/Komi kyl =language,tongue, speech, word;



k e~ie l e ...............Finn/Suomi kieli=language,speech,tongue, chord, string;



k e~i ll e~i .............Estonian keel=tongue,language



k e l e ..................Yukagir kal-=speak/Yukagir;



ALTAIC *ki_ăli=tongue/Altaic; kele/Mong,Turkic;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *käte== hand (body)


k~g a~u d _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr k?š, a-k?š =forearm; kišib=hand, wrist; haz-a =to hold;



k e z~s e~i ..............Magyar/Hung kéz =hand; kesz-tyü = glove; kez-el=to handle; kéz-el=with hand;



k e z~s e~i ..............Savard/Hung kezi =hand



k(w) ä~e t e .............Vogul/Mansi ko?t ~ k?t, kä:t =hand



k ä~e t e ................Ostyak/Khan ket, kot, =hand



k ä~e ?~t e ..............Cherem/Mari kit=hand



k o~u _ .................Zuryen/Komi ki_ =hand



k ä~e d o ................Mordvin k'eď =hand



k ä s i ..................Finn/Suomi käsi =hand; kasivarsi=arm;



k ä d~t~s i ..............Estonian käsi=hand



g ie~a ht~tt e ...........Lapp/Saami giettâ =hand







Reconstructions.........FinnUgor *kińä-r== elbow , joint , bend (body)


k~g a (n~?) a~i - r ....EmeGir/Sumr ga?=knee,joint (suffix er dropped)



k ö ny e - r ...........Magyar/Hung köny-ök=elbow ~ kegy-=bent; kany-ar =a bend in the road,river,etc;



k(w) o ń>n ä~e - r .....Vogul/Mansi kän?-?ž =elbow



k o ń>n ä~e - r ........Ostyak/Khan ko?nai, koš?ai =elbow;



k i ń~n~j ä~e - r ......Cherem/Mari kiń-er [ń lost]=elbow;



k i ń o~u - r ..........Votyak/Udm gi_r-pum [ń lost]=elbow;



k e ń>n o~u - r ........Zuryen/Komi girďďŸa=elbow?



k i~e ń ä~e - r ........Mordvin keń-er =forearm, bend;



k i~y n ä - r ..........Finn/Suomi kyyna-ra=elbow;



k i~y n ä - r ..........Estonian küüna-r =forearm;



g i~ie ń~n ie~a - r ....Lapp/Saami gaig?e-r, kä??ir =elbow;



ALTAIC keńa=elbow,angle/Altaic;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kińe== a tear (body)


k ö ny e~i ...............Magyar/Hung könny =a tear; köny-ez=tears,weeps;



k i ń ...................Votyak/Udm ki_li=tear; (l ~ n)



k i~y n e ................Finn/Suomi kyyn-el=tear



g i~ie ń~n e .............Lapp/Saami gânj-âl=tear; (nj ~ ń)



s~k i n e ................Samoyed xajjo-el=tear/Yurak; ??jjoel=tear/Yenisey; kejel/Kamas;







Reconstructions...............FinnUgor *kol?== testicle (body)


(g~h) u~a _ _ ............EmeGir/Sumr gal 4=genitalia, vulva; hal=crotch;



h o>a l ? ................Magyar/Hung ?_?gy-?k=groin area; (l>gy is attested);



k o~a l .................Votyak/Udm ko'ž-an, kež-an =testicle;



k a~o l ? ................Finn/Suomi kolli=cat or dog in heat;



k a~o ll ? ...............Estonian koli =testicle;



g ? ll ? .................Lapp/Saami guožlâ ~kuožlâ = scrotum;



k~? u~o l ? ..............Samoyed hile=testicle /Neńeć; ki_ =penis/Kamas;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kon?== iner organs, inner spirit, soul (body)


h o>a n ? ................Magyar/Hung *hon as in jo-hon=inside, belly, heart,mind,liver,loin(archaic)



k a~o~u n~ń .............Ostyak/Khan hon



h o n ? ..................Penuitan hon=soul-spirit > heart-breast-liver,navel,breath-speech/Cal.Majdu







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kone== shoulder , under arm , armpit (body) + ala=under (body)


(g~h) u~a n~? _ ..........EmeGir/Sumr gun, gú_ =occiput, neck, nape;


h o>a n e~i ..............Magyar/Hung hón-alj ~ hony,holn =arm pit (alj=under,below); hón=shoulder(arch



?~h a~o~u n~ń e ..........Vogul/Mansi khan-l, h?nl =armpit



k o~a n .................Votyak/Udm kun-ul=armpit (-ul=under)



k o~a n .................Zuryen/Komi kun-uvt (uvt=that which is beneath)



k a~o n e ................Finn/Suomi kain-alo =armpit



k a~o n e~i ..............Estonian kaen-al=the embracing arm



g ? ń~n e ................Lapp/Saami kaińń-el



k~? u~o n~? e ............Samoyed kalin=shoulder/?anasan;



ALTAIC q?n=armpit,bosom/Turkic







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *koppa== bark, crust, skin (body)


(g~h) u~a b .............EmeGir/Sumr huba, hup =weaver (?type of knoted cloth?)



h o>a p~b ...............Magyar/Hung guba =knoted woven coat; [g>k] kab-át=coat; < Turkic influence



k a~o~u w ...............Cherem/Mari kuwo=hull, husk, scale, shell;



k o~u v a~o ..............Mordvin kuvo=bark, crust;



k a~o b ? ................Estonian k?ba=fir bark;



k~? u~o b b e ...........Samoyed koba=hide,skin/Neńec; kooba=hide,skin/Selkup; kufu/?anasan;



ALTAIC k'?p-a=/Altaic; K?puk/Turkic; kawda/Mongolic; xabda/Tun; kapa/Japan







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ko?ke== adam's apple, larynx; (body)


h o>a g _ ................Magyar/Hung gége =windpipe;



k a~o~u ?k>?? ...........Ostyak/Khan k??-li =adam's apple;



g ? ?k~?g~gg e ...........Lapp/Saami guog'g-om =larynx;



k~? u~o ?~k e ............Samoyed hu?ku=windpipe/Ńeńec;



ALTAIC g?ng-kan=adam's apple/Manchu;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kore== [?käre ] bark , crust , peel , skin (body)


h o>a r e~i ..............Magyar/Hung hár-tya = membraine;kér-eg = rind, bark; < Turk influence on phonet



?~h a~o~u r e ............Vogul/Mansi ?or-p =bark, crust, peel, skin



k a~o~u r e ..............Ostyak/Khan ?ur?-ap =bread-crust; scaly skin; ??ri=reddish inner skin of birch;



k o~a r .................Zuryen/Komi kir-œ =bark (of a coniferous tree), thick bark under birch bark;



k o~u r o ................Mordvin kaŕ =bast-shoe;



k a~o r e ................Finn/Suomi kuori =bark, crust, peel, skin;



k a~o r e~i ..............Estonian koor =shell (of an egg), skin (of fruit);



k o r e ..................Yukagir ?ar,kar=hide,skin/Yukagir;



ALTAIC ki_?rú=bark,shell/Altaic; kyrtyl/Turkic







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *k?će== [*kuńće also] urin (body)


(g~h) u š~s~z _ ..........EmeGir/Sumr k?š_ =urin



m e d~t _ ................EmeSal/Sumr mud ?=blood??



h u cs~gy~s e~i ..........Magyar/Hung hugy_ =urin [from *kuńće ! cs~gy]



?~h u~o š~č e ............Vogul/Mansi khuœ-wü? =urin (wüt=water)



k u~o š~č e ..............Ostyak/Khan k?s- =urin



k uu č~Ÿ~z e .............Cherem/Mari k?ž-am =urin



k i Ÿ~ž .................Votyak/Udm kiž =urin



k i Ÿ~ž .................Zuryen/Komi kud'Ÿ=urin



k o ć~Ÿ o ................Mordvin kež-?et =urin



k uu s~ts e ..............Finn/Suomi kuse- =urin



k u~o s~ts e~i ...........Estonian kusi- =urin



g u~o čč~šš e ............Lapp/Saami gužžâ =urin



k~? ? č~s e ..............Samoyed küz, kuns?, k?nze,kunze =urin (from *kuńće)



ALTAIC kaœ-an=urin/Turk; kVd'žV=urin/Tungus







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kuja== skin , leather , shell (body) > birch=*kojwa (tree)


(g~h) a~u _ .............EmeGir/Sumr kulla=peel,membraine; gi_ 4=surround < ? kuš=skin,hide;



h u~o j a~o ..............Magyar/Hung héja =shell, rind, covering; hüvej=shell/container; hajó=boat,ship;



?~h u~o~? j .............Vogul/Mansi ?al = birch (shell,rind?)



k o~u -~j ...............Cherem/Mari ku?i =boat < shelled-skinn container,boat



k i~e j a ................Zuryen/Komi köja =tree "schwam?"



k o j~- a~o ..............Mordvin kuj-ma =basket, flat basin; kilej=birch bark;



k u~o j~i a~o ............Finn/Suomi koja =bark,rind >> koivu=birch;



k u~o j~i ? ..............Estonian k?iv=birch



g u~o j~i ? ..............Lapp/Saami Gw?`j`-?t =shell-rind?



k~? ?~o j e ..............Samoyed kujoku=birch; kua=birch;



ALTAIC *k`éjro=bark/Altaic;gaj-ik=ship/Turk;







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *kuje== body fat 2, blubber , to fatten (body)


(g~h) a~u _ .............EmeGir/Sumr he_ 2=abundance, _ia =fat, oil, butter



h u~o j e~i ..............Magyar/Hung háj=blubber, body fat; hí-z = to fatten;



?~h u~o~? j e ............Vogul/Mansi ?ut,jaj=to fatten?



k u~o~ö j e ..............Ostyak/Khan ?ott?eta =be fat ?



k o~u -~j e ..............Cherem/Mari kaj-a, koj-a =fat, fatty



k i~e j .................Votyak/Udm köj, küj =bacon, fat, tallow



k o j~- o ................Mordvin kuj-a, kuj-? =fat



k u~o j~i e ..............Finn/Suomi kuu =fat, tallow



ALTAIC ?oju=fat /Yakut-Altaic; koju =fat/Osman-Turk; guja/Mongol







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ku-ma== forehead < "curved" upper part of the head (a) (body)


(g~h) a~u -m _ ...........EmeGir/Sumr ka_ = face, mouth (m~w >_)



h u~o -m _ ...............Magyar/Hung hom-lok =forehead



?~h u~o~? -m _ ...........Vogul/Mansi xom-ta =forehead



k o~u -m _ ...............Cherem/Mari kim-es



k i~e -m _ ...............Votyak/Udm kim-ás



k o -m a~o ...............Mordvin k?m-ek



k u~o -m a~o .............Finn/Suomi kum-o



ALTAIC ?um-suri /Gold; kum-cuhun /Manchu







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *k?œe== meat , flesh (body) (food)


(g~h) a š _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr _uzu= flesh, cut of meat,omen,goat;kus=skin,leather;_su = body,flesh,skin..;



h u s e~i ................Magyar/Hung hus=meat < öz=deer < sheep [unknown origin]







ALTAIC khush?/Tartar



Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kutt?==(also *kut?) back > hump > belly > abdomen (body)


(g~h) a~u d~t i~e ........EmeGir/Sumr _ed-in=back, spine, grazing land; *kut? >haš 4=back;hᚠ=lower abdomen;



h u~o t .................Magyar/Hung hát=back; hát-ul=behind; (*tt>*t>s) haœ=abdomen,belly >stomach;



?~h u~o~? t .............Vogul/Mansi ?utai=behind, back;



k u~o~ö t ...............Ostyak/Khan k?t-?=in the 'protection' of the tree?



k i~e ?~t ...............Votyak/Udm gač?=to lie on the back;(loan)



k i~e ?~t ...............Zuryen/Komi gač?=from the back;(loan)



k~? ?~o tt~t ? ...........Samoyed kotti =back,behind; koče=backwards/Selkup;



ALTAIC qotu/CMongol, xoto/Kalmuk; qodo/Manchu; _ato=back/Japanese;







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *k?wla== (kupla) makes bubbles > fish bladder (body)


(g~h) a l ...............EmeGir/Sumr _ella-g =bladder;



h u l ...................Magyar/Hung holy-ag =bladder, blister; kopol-tyu=fish gills;



?~h u~o ?l ..............Vogul/Mansi kawelm=bladder, bubble; ka?l-elm, kamlex



k u~o ?l ................Ostyak/Khan h?m?l =bladder, blister, corn;


k uu ?l .................Cherem/Mari k?w?l, kuw?l =water bubble;


k uu pl a~o ..............Finn/Suomi kupla, kuula, kuulo =buble, blister, bump, fishsound;


g u~o bl ? ...............Lapp/Saami goblo/koble =lung;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *läppe== spleen , milt (body)


l a~i b e~i ..............EmeGir/Sumr lib-iš =internal organ



l e p~b _ ................Magyar/Hung lép=milt, spleen



l~t~? ?~e b .............Ostyak/Khan ?ap?tne?



l ä~e p e ................Cherem/Mari lep?,lep



ž o~u p .................Votyak/Udm lup



ž o~u p .................Zuryen/Komi lop, slop



l ie~a p'p e .............Lapp/Saami tab't?=milt;



l o~u b b e .............Samoyed rapseä/Neńec



ALTAIC *li_ap'V=spleen/Altaic







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *lolke== limb (foot,hand, paw of a body) (body)


l u~a l e~i ..............EmeGir/Sumr lill-an =stalk (with ripe ear of grain)



l o>a l(og) _ ............Magyar/Hung lollu > loll =ham, roast ham (dialectical only)



l a~o~u l(?) ............Vogul/Mansi lel =foot, l??l =foot; < may be related to *luwe=bone/leg;



l~t~? a~o~u l(?) ........Ostyak/Khan l???l=paws







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *luwe== bone (body)


l u e~i ...................Magyar/Hung láb??=leg; ?luw+pa (head of the legg?)



l a e .....................Vogul/Mansi low,lu_=bone



l~t~? a e .................Ostyak/Khan l?-g =bone



ž ?~? ....................Votyak/Udm lu, ly =bone



ž ?~-? ...................Zuryen/Komi ly =bone



l o v o ..................Mordvin luw-aža=bone



l uu~oo ..................Finn/Suomi luu =bone



l uu~oo ..................Estonian luu =bone



l ü~o _ e ................Samoyed lyy/Neńec; ly/Selkup; le/Kamas;







Reconstructions......... FinnUgor *maksa== liver (body)


m u ?~h š~z ............EmeGir/Sumr ba_ =liver (?m>mb >b)



m a~o v s ..............Magyar/Hung máj=liver



m a ?t ..................Vogul/Mansi majt, mot =liver



m a ?t ..................Ostyak/Khan m??et, m??e? =liver



m a~o~u kš ..............Cherem/Mari mokš =liver



m o~u s e ................Votyak/Udm mus



m o~u s a ................Zuryen/Komi mus



m a kœ a~o ...............Mordvin makso



m a k s a~o .............Finn/Suomi maksa



m a k s ? ...............Estonian maks



m o>uo k s ? ............Lapp/Saami mwök?sie



m ? t~d e ................Samoyed mudo, mit,muro



ALTAIC ba?yr /Turkic , p?ver/Chuvash







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *mälke== breast (body)


m a~i l e~i ..............EmeGir/Sumr mur=lung (l>r); méli=throat area;



m e l(og) _ ..............Magyar/Hung mell =breast, chest; mel-et=next to, besides; mel-ény=vest;



m ä~e l(?) ..............Vogul/Mansi mail,magl=breast



m ä~e l(?) ..............Ostyak/Khan meg-at



m ä~e l(?) e .............Cherem/Mari mel



m o~u l .................Votyak/Udm myl,myl-az=the front side of the breast;



m ä~e lg~ld o ............Mordvin mälhka=breast;



m ä l k e ...............Finn/Suomi mälvi=birds breast; mälvi=breast meat/Karelian;



m ä l k e~i .............Estonian mälv=birds breast



m ie~a lg e ..............Lapp/Saami mielgâ=breast;



m ä l e ..................Yukagir melu,melut=breast;



m a~e l(ac) e~a ..........Etruskan m_li-?uns =kind of tight fiting vestcoat or beside< m_l=breast,chest







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *mar-== nape of neck > shoulder , neck (body)


m a~u r - ................EmeGir/Sumr murgu; mur7,8 =neck & shoulders



m a~o r - ................Magyar/Hung marja; mar =nape of neck, shoulder of animal;



m a r - ..................Vogul/Mansi m?r-e?=upper part of wing; markä?ä= the wing;



m a r - ..................Ostyak/Khan m?r-ek=upper arm, wing;



m a~o~u r - ..............Cherem/Mari mora?



m o~u r - ................Votyak/Udm muräs =breast;



m o~u r - ................Zuryen/Komi mor-es =breast;



m o>uo r - ...............Lapp/Saami mairre =shoulder area;



m ? r - ..................Samoyed maŕœ =shoulder area /Yurak



ALTAIC *mi_?jre=shoulder/Altaic; *mörü/Mongolic; müre-pen/Tungusic;







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *mer-kke== closed palm , hold , keep (body) ; *more =hold back;


m e~i r - g~h e~i ......EmeGir/Sumr mar=enclose/lockup; ma_ =to bind; mal=remain;



m e~i r - k _ ..........Magyar/Hung mar-ok=the closed palm; mar-ad=remain < hold,keep;



m e r - k .............Vogul/Mansi múr-?s



m e~a~o r - kk~? e .....Samoyed m?ri=greedy/Kamas; maŕŕ?=keepback,not give/Neńeć; mâra'áma/Tavgi;



m e~a r - ch e .........Etruskan mur = to remain;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *muńa== (muna) egg , penis , testicle (body)


m a~u (n~?) _ ............EmeGir/Sumr nu-mun=seed, multiply; mu_ =to grow seed; mud=birth;


n e (n~?) _ ..............EmeSal/Sumr mu_ =penis



m u~o ny a~o .............Magyar/Hung mony~mag (ny~gy>g)=seed semen; mén=stud horse;



m u~o~ö ń>n .............Vogul/Mansi m?n=testicle; mu?i=egg;



m u~o~ö ń>n .............Ostyak/Khan moń=male sexual organ,testicle;



m o~u ń~n~j .............Cherem/Mari mun?=egg



m o ń a~o ................Mordvin mona=testicle



m u~o n a~o ..............Finn/Suomi moń=male sexual organ, testicle;



m u~o ń~n ? ..............Lapp/Saami m?nne=egg/man=penis



m ü~o n e ................Samoyed monne, mânne=egg/Eńec; munuj=egg/Kamas; maane=penis/Selkup;



ALTAIC *úmu_=to bear,give birth/Altaic







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *mü?ä== behind , rear , sexual areas (body)


m u~i k~g _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr mug 2 =naked, pudenda, to be in heat;



m ü~ö j>g e ..............Magyar/Hung mög =behind, rear; mög-öt=behind; (meleg=heat?)



m u~o~a ?(k) ............Vogul/Mansi m?n-ta, m?n-tel=undressed; m?ńtl=along,during ?



m u~o ?~j>- .............Cherem/Mari m?n??, m??ge-š, =back, after, retro;



m i~e (ń) .................Votyak/Udm mi-œ-ti



m i~e (ń) .................Zuryen/Komi mi_-œ-t =after a short time;



m e j~ng e ...............Mordvin mekej, meki=behind; menge, mejle =later on, after, then;



m üü _ ....................Finn/Suomi myö-tä =along with, downhill; myös-ta=comply,yield,retract;



m o ?~k ? ................Lapp/Saami mâ??i- =back,rear; m??-as=backward, onward; m??st?-=back out,move;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *mu?k-er== body > self , semen (body)


m a~u ?~g ...............EmeGir/Sumr mug 2 =nakedness; mud=give birth ( ?k=? >d' ); mu_ =grow seed;



m u~o g - e~i r ........Magyar/Hung mag- =semen, seed, grain, self (mag-am=myself,mag-ad=yourself);



m o~u ?g~g - e~y~? r ...Cherem/Mari mo?g-er, m???r =body, life;



m i~e (?)g - o~u~e r ...Votyak/Udm mug-or =body, form, outer body;



m i~e g~k - o~u~e r ....Zuryen/Komi mig =life, under parts; myg-?r =body, trunk;



ALTAIC *meńo=self,body/Altaic;*bu(n)/Turkic;mön/Mongolic;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ńakke== joint , vertabra , yearly growth (body) > genetive suffix


n u g~h e~i ..............EmeGir/Sumr *?ak>kak,gak=peg,nail,joint;



ny a~o k _ ...............Magyar/Hung nyak=neck, -nyék=locality



ń~n a k .................Vogul/Mansi näk, n?h=step,stage,end,limb,floor; nak-ui=finger joint;



ń~n a k .................Ostyak/Khan ńaek=limb,knot,duration,



n a kk~k e ...............Finn/Suomi nik-ama=knots in plants,stalks



n a k e ..................Penuitan nak- =segment of space/time/place/Penuitan Ind







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ńula== [*ń?la] lick (v) ; *ńäl-mä= tongue (-m deverbal) (body)


n a~u l _ ................EmeGir/Sumr ?eme=tongue (see the root word, for talk, speak);



m e l _ ..................EmeSal/Sumr .



ny u~o l a~o .............Magyar/Hung nyal=lick,nyelv=tongue



ń~n u~o~ö l~?~t .........Vogul/Mansi ńal-emti, ńol-ant=lick;



ń~n u~o~ö l~?~t .........Ostyak/Khan ńat, ńăl =lick;



ń~n~j o~u l .............Cherem/Mari ń?l-em



ń i~e l e ................Votyak/Udm nola- =lick;



ń>n i~e l a ..............Zuryen/Komi ńul=lick;



ń o l a~o ................Mordvin nola-ms=lick;



n u~o l a~o ..............Finn/Suomi nuole=lick;



ń~n u~o ll ? .............Lapp/Saami njoall-ot=lick;



ń ü~o l e ................Samoyed ?nü- /Kamas; ń?qel-, ń?- /Selkup;



ALTAIC amo=tongue/Altaic; yala/Azeri,Tartar,Turkish,Uzbek;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *nume== seed , inseminate (v) (body)


n~? a~u m~n _ ............EmeGir/Sumr num-un=to seed; nam-aba=older generation,



n u~o m~v e~i ............Magyar/Hung nem-z=to procreate; generation, nem=sex,type







Reconstructions............FinnUgor *ole== jaw , chin (body)


o l e~i ...................Magyar/Hung áll =jaw, chin



o~u l~?~t e ...............Vogul/Mansi už-es=jaw



a~o~u l e .................Cherem/Mari onl-aš =chin



o~a l ....................Votyak/Udm a?l-?s =jaw bone



o~u l o ...................Mordvin ulo=chin



?~oa ll e .................Lapp/Saami oal-ol=lower jaw







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *ońćere== tusk (body)


o gy e~i r e~i ..........Magyar/Hung agyar=tusk



a ńœ~ńć e r e ...........Vogul/Mansi äńšer



o ńœ~ńć e r e ...........Ostyak/Khan ańŸar



o~a Ÿ o~u~e r ..........Votyak/Udm waŸer=tusk



o~a Ÿ o~u~e r ..........Zuryen/Komi vodzir







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *o?le== lower jaw (body)


_ ? l e ..................EmeGir/Sumr _ka = mouth, face;(*?>g>k)



o j>g l _ ................Magyar/Hung áll =lower jaw, chin;



a ?(k) l~?~t ............Vogul/Mansi aa'yn=jaw; užaœ=chin, jawbone;



o ?(k)~? l~?~t ..........Ostyak/Khan o??l-loh=jaw-bone;



a~o~u ?~j>- l e ..........Cherem/Mari o?la-š, o?g?la-š =chin;



o~a ? l .................Votyak/Udm a?=jaw; a?l-aš=lip;



o~a _ l .................Zuryen/Komi an=jaw;



o~u v~? l o ..............Mordvin ulo=chin;



?~oa ?~ń l e .............Lapp/Saami oalol=lower jaw;



vu~o ? l e ...............Samoyed o?aj=jaw/Kamas; aakaj=jaw/Selkup;



ALTAIC yanak=chin,jaw/Turkic;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *pä?e== (pä?e?) head , high , main > chief (body)


p~b a~i (n~g) _ ..........EmeGir/Sumr pa_=peak/D295;pad=above;pa_4=leader;pa=head/D152;siki-pa=hair of head;



f e n e~i ................Magyar/Hung föv, fö=chief,head, fej=head



ph e n e~i ...............Savard/Hung phe =head



p ä~e ?~- .................Vogul/Mansi p??, pä?k =head



p~b o~u n~ń .............Votyak/Udm pu?, pun, pum =edge, end, point, border;



p~b o~u n~ń .............Zuryen/Komi pon, pom=begining, end, point;



p ä~e _ ...................Mordvin pä_, pe_ ; pej=end;



p ä _ e ..................Finn/Suomi pää=head;



p ä ? e~i ................Estonian pää,pea =head



b ie~a ??~ńń e ...........Lapp/Saami bag?e=thickest part of reindeer horns, by the head.



p~f o~u _ e ..............Samoyed pa- =begin/Ńeńec; feaj=end, tip/Danasan;



m ä ? e ..................Yukagir punke=hill,mound/Yukagir;



p a~e ? e~a ..............Etruskan papn,pem =chief,greatest; pup-luna =chief/head place next to fireplace;



ALTAIC (p>x)xeki=head/Mongol; p?je=brain/Evenki;







Reconstructions.......... FinnUgor *peljä== ear (body)


p~b e~i l a~i ............EmeGir/Sumr bur=ear; pi_ =ear, measure of capacitance;



f e~i ž .................Magyar/Hung fül =ear;



p e ž ...................Vogul/Mansi piž=ear;



p e ž ...................Ostyak/Khan p?t,p??=ear;



p e~y~? l j ............Cherem/Mari p?l?š=ear;



p~b e~i ž ...............Votyak/Udm pež=ear;



p~b e~i ž ...............Zuryen/Komi pež=ear;



p e~i ž e ................Mordvin piže =ear;



b ę~ie~i jj~kk ? .........Lapp/Saami bęlje, pielje=ear (? only one that has lj instead of l ?)







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *perä== rear , back (body)


p~b e~i r _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr b?r, bar-ag =seat,throne; ?bar=back



f e~i r e ................Magyar/Hung far =rear, buttock, backside



p e r ...................Vogul/Mansi päri =back,rear



p e r ...................Ostyak/Khan pir =back,rear



p~b o~u~e r .............Votyak/Udm ber =back part, late, later, last;



p~b o~u~e r .............Zuryen/Komi b?r=back, back part,posterior,retro,at last;



p e~i r e ................Mordvin pe,pä



p e~ie r ä ...............Finn/Suomi perä =back,rear,foundation







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *pere== skin , leather (body)


f e~i r e~i ..............Magyar/Hung bör =skin, hide, leather



p e r e ..................Vogul/Mansi šaš-poar=birch-bark



p e r e ..................Ostyak/Khan p?r =redish membraine inside the outer birch bark;



p~f e~a~o r e ............Samoyed p?r =rind,bark/Yurak,Koibal; ho-pir=birch bark/Neńeć;



ALTAIC bür=cover/Altaic; feri=skin/Manchu; ?r?=skin/Altaic;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *pesä== nest , womb < egg (body)


p~b e~i š~z _ ............EmeGir/Sumr peš=womb



f e~i s e ................Magyar/Hung fész-ek=nest,womb "egg container"



p e t ...................Vogul/Mansi pi?i=nest



p e t~l .................Ostyak/Khan p?l, pit =nest;



p e~y~? ž ...............Cherem/Mari p?žäš=nest,den,aerie;



p~b o~u~e z .............Votyak/Udm puz=egg, puz-kar=birds nest



p~b o~u~e z .............Zuryen/Komi poz=egg



p e~i z e ................Mordvin p'izë=bird nest



p e~ie s ä ...............Finn/Suomi pesä=nest



b ę~ie~i ss~cc ? .........Lapp/Saami pęsse=nest



p~f e~a~o s e ............Samoyed fide=nest/Eńeć; pide=nest/Neńeć; f?tte/?anasan; pättä/Selkup;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *pü?e== (or pü:?e) tooth (body)


f ü~ö j>g e~i ............Magyar/Hung fog =tooth



p u~o~a ?(k) e ...........Vogul/Mansi p??k=tooth



p u~o~a ?k~?? e ..........Ostyak/Khan p??k=tooth



p u~o ?~j>- e ............Cherem/Mari p?j > p?_ =toth



p~b i~e (ń) ...............Votyak/Udm piń=tooth



p~b i~e (ń) ...............Zuryen/Komi piń=tooth



p e j~ng o ...............Mordvin pej~peńg~pev=tooth



p üü _ ....................Finn/Suomi pii=tooth of a comb, peg(of a rake)



b o ?~k e ................Lapp/Saami padne=tooth



ALTAIC b?,m?=cutting edge/Sakha,Ewenki;(closer to pir,pur)







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *poćka== deficate , diarhea , shit (v) (body)


p~b e d~t _ ............EmeSal/Sumr b?d =deficate



f o>a cs~gy~s v ........Magyar/Hung fos_ =diarhea; büz=stench; ?bud?=outhouse; ?büd-ös=stinky;



p a~o~u š~č (?~x) ......Vogul/Mansi poš =diarhea;



p a~o~u š~č (?~x) ......Ostyak/Khan p??, p?œ =diahrea, thin excrement;



p a~o~u č~Ÿ~z _~j ......Cherem/Mari puške-?am =have diarhea;



p o~u ć~Ÿ j~v a~o .......Mordvin peški-Ÿems=diahrea;



p a~o s~ts k a~o ........Finn/Suomi paska=excrement (also in Liv)



p a~o s~ts k ? ..........Estonian paska=thin excrement;



b ? _ k ? ...............Lapp/Saami b?ik?-ik =excrement;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *po?e== bosom (body)


f o>a j>g e~i ............Magyar/Hung bögy, begy =large bosom,chest of a woman or a bird;



p a~o~u ?(k) e ...........Vogul/Mansi puw-?i > puut =bosom of a garment;



p a~o~u ?(k)~? e .........Ostyak/Khan pug-?l, pug-?t



p a~o~u ?~j>- e ..........Cherem/Mari po??-š, po_-m?š



p~b o~a _ .................Votyak/Udm pi



p~b o~a _ .................Zuryen/Komi pi



p o~u v~? o ..............Mordvin pova, po?go,



p oo _ ....................Finn/Suomi povi



b ? ?~ń e ................Lapp/Saami buog?â=breast of a bird;



ALTAIC bońg/ProtoTurkic







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *puna== pubic hair (body)


p~b a~u n~? _ ............EmeGir/Sumr pen-zer=female genitals;



f u~o n a~o ..............Magyar/Hung fan =pubic hair



p u~o~ö n~ń .............Vogul/Mansi pun



p o~u (n) ...............Cherem/Mari pin



p~b i~e n e ..............Votyak/Udm pun



p o n a~o ................Mordvin pona







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *rukša== pelts , medium of trade , clothing (body)


r a~u š .................EmeGir/Sumr ru_, ri_=gift, present, to exchange



r u~o h .................Magyar/Hung ruha =clothing; ir_ha=pelt,hide; ?ér=worth;



r u~o h a~o ..............Finn/Suomi ruho=carcass, raha=money







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *säke= (säje) puss, infected flesh (body)


- e v e~i ................Magyar/Hung _ev, _év =puss (j>_ > v)


t ä~e (?~x) e ............Vogul/Mansi säi =sm



t>l ä~e (?~x) e ..........Ostyak/Khan loi, t?i =sm



š ä~e _~j e ..............Cherem/Mari šüi, œü, šüj



š o~u _ .................Zuryen/Komi si-œ = rotten



s ä~e j~v o ..............Mordvin sij



s~š ie~a kk e ............Lapp/Saami sieggja =puss,wound, sore



t o~u gg e ...............Samoyed t'iba=sore/Yen; timi-em=sore,hurt/Tavgi; te_/Selkup, telem/Kam;







Reconstructions.......... FinnUgor *ϊkre==(ϊkre) hair 2 , fur (body)


š~s~z a~i ?~h (r) e~i ...EmeGir/Sumr suhur, siki, sigi=hair, fur, wool, hide; sur, sum =a beard;



sz e v r _ ..............Magyar/Hung szö_r =hair, fur; sör-ény=mane; szörm = fur (in clothing)



s~t ä~e (?~x) r ........Vogul/Mansi s?_ir=mane



š~s ä~e _~j r e .........Cherem/Mari šar =mane



š~œ ä~e j~v r o .........Mordvin œejeŕ=long hair







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *säppä== gall bladder (body)


- e p~b .................Magyar/Hung _epe =gall bladder



t ä~e p .................Vogul/Mansi t?p=bear gall bladder; täp=gall bladder;



t>l ä~e b ...............Ostyak/Khan sip



š ä~e p .................Cherem/Mari šä_kš, šekš =gall bladder



š o~u p .................Votyak/Udm sep=gall bladder



š o~u p .................Zuryen/Komi s?p, sep=gall bladder



s ä~e v e ................Mordvin œëpe=gall bladder



s ä pp~p ä ...............Finn/Suomi sappi=gall bladder



s~š ie~a p'p ? ...........Lapp/Saami sap'pe=gall bladder







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ϊ?ke== back side , groin & sexual areas (body)


š~s~z a~i ?~g e ..........EmeGir/Sumr šag 4=abdomen,womb,entrails;



sz e g _ .................Magyar/Hung segg =buttock, _ágy-ék=groin



s~t ä~e ?k>?? ...........Vogul/Mansi s??kw=groin area; soa?kw =hipps, groins, thigh;



s~t ä~e ?k>?? ...........Ostyak/Khan s?? =angle?



š~s ä~e ?g~g e ...........Cherem/Mari se?g-eń=rear, backside, sexual areas;



č ie~a ?k~?g~gg e ........Lapp/Saami ?haega=life,body,womb < Finnish influece



ALTAIC sagri=buttock/Turk;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *s?ne== sinew, tendon, vein (tool) (body)


s u n~? _ ................EmeGir/Sumr sa_ =sinew, cord, bundle,


- o n e~i ................Magyar/Hung _in =tendon, sinew; zene=music < instrument string,chord;



t ú n~ń e ................Vogul/Mansi tőőn=sinew, vein, string;t?n, t?n = nerve,string(of instrument; ta??i=play music



t>l u n~ń e ..............Ostyak/Khan jan~ton =sinew, string, vein;



š ? (n) e ................Cherem/Mari šün =sinew; ?vein;



š ? n ...................Votyak/Udm œen, s?n =sinew, vein;



š ? n ...................Zuryen/Komi s?n=sinew, vein;



s u n o ..................Mordvin san =sinew; vein;



s u n e ..................Finn/Suomi suoni=sinew, tendon, vein;



s u n e~i ................Estonian soon=sinew, vein;



s~š uo ń~n e .............Lapp/Saami suodnâ= sinew, tendon, artery, vein, bow string;



t ? n~? e ................Samoyed ten /Kamas;tean,t?n,tee=sinew,vein/Ńeńeć;taa?/?a?asan; can,ten/Selk



_ ? n e~a ................Etruskan œun-u = musician (-u =person) ; ?un =musical instrument (?type)



ALTAIC sí?ri=sinew/Altaic; si?i/Turkic; sinda-su/Mongolic; sire-/Tungusic







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *œińćä==innards (body)


š~s~z i g e ..............EmeGir/Sumr šag 4 > ša_ =midst, heart, womb, gut, abdomen, intestines;



sz i~e gy ...............Magyar/Hung szügy = chest,heart and innard of animals; szegy =beef brisket;



s i~y s ä ................Finn/Suomi sisä, sisää-n =in, into



s i~y s ä ................Estonian sisi =innards



s i n č~s e .............Samoyed œuso =breast; sudo=innard /Eńec; sinœa=innard/?anasan;







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *œiđäme== heart (body)


š~s~z i d~š a~i m~n _ ..EmeGir/Sumr šag 4 =heart, innerds (deleted deverbal suffix); zi =spirit;



z i b~m e m~n _ ........EmeSal/Sumr š? 3_ab =heart (m~w~b)



sz i~e j~gy e m~v e~i ..Magyar/Hung szügy_ =chest,breast,heart (of animals); (ij>í) szi_ _v =heart;



s i~e j e m~v e~i ......Savard/Hung serti ? =heart;



s~t i~ü ž ä~e m e ......Vogul/Mansi ši_m =heart



s~t o l~j ä~e m~w e ....Ostyak/Khan s?_m =heart;



š~s i ?~d ä~e m~v e ....Cherem/Mari šü_m =heart



œ~š i ž o~u m~v .......Votyak/Udm œul-em =heart



œ~š e ž o~u m~v .......Zuryen/Komi œől-őm =heart



š~œ i~e d~l ä~e m o ....Mordvin œed-ej =heart



s i~y d ä m e ..........Finn/Suomi syd-än =heart



č i~ie ?? ie~a m~mb e ..Lapp/Saami čâ?e, čâđa =heart;



s i ?~j o~u m~? e ......Samoyed saj=heart/Eńeć; sii/Kamas; sej/Koibal;seej/Neńeć; sa/?an; šid/Slk



s~z e x a~e m~v u~a ....Etruskan ziv-al =heart, body part; ziv-as =heart, spirit; ziv =to live;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *œil-ma== eye "see" + deverbal ma (body)


š~s~z i (m~b) _ ..........EmeGir/Sumr zi-b, si_ =see (lm>m>b); [ i-gi =eye (see observe) ]



sz i~e m _ ...............Magyar/Hung sze_m =eye



s~t i~ü m _ ..............Vogul/Mansi šä_m =eye



s~t o m _ ................Ostyak/Khan sem =eye



š~s i n _ ................Cherem/Mari šen-za=eye



œ~š i n _ ................Votyak/Udm œin=eye



œ~š e n _ ................Zuryen/Komi œin =eye



š~œ i~e žm' a~o ..........Mordvin šel-me =eye (me =deverbal suffix)



s i~y l -m a~o ..........Finn/Suomi sil-mä =eye



s i~y l -m _ ............Estonian sil-m =eye



č i~ie lbm ? .............Lapp/Saami č?lbme =eye



s i m (a) ................Samoyed sima,xä?m, =eye



s~z e m _ ................Etruskan sem-niœsi = eyes which see; (niœ =watch,see)







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *sojka== (soja) armlength , fathom (body)


s u~a g~? _ ............EmeGir/Sumr su_ 13, su-d =long, length, prolong



- o>a j v ..............Magyar/Hung _ujj =arm length, sleeve; _öl =arm length;



t a~o~u j (?~x) ........Vogul/Mansi taj-t



š a~o~u -~j _~j ........Cherem/Mari šo_-kš



š o~a j _ e .............Votyak/Udm sej_e-s







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *su?e== finger > hand (body)


s a~u d~š _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr su_ =hand?fingers



- u~o j~gy e~i ...........Magyar/Hung _ujj=finger ~_ügy =another word for hand



t u~o~ö ž e ..............Vogul/Mansi tuž, tožŕ-=finger



t>l u~o~ö l~j e ..........Ostyak/Khan ?ui, lui,iui,tui, =finger



t ü~o ?~j e ..............Samoyed taj-am=finger/ Tajgi; taje-da=finger/Mot







Reconstructions............FinnUgor *süle== lapp (body) , embrace , fathom (arm length)


_ u~i l _ ................EmeGir/Sumr hal=crotch (s>->h)< lap; _u_ 5=to mount (intercourse), to ride;



- ü~ö l e~i ..............Magyar/Hung _öl =lap; _öl-el=embrace; öl =armlength ;



t u~o~a l~?~t e ..........Vogul/Mansi tal, t?l=bosom, embrace, fathom;



t>l u~o~a l~?~t e ........Ostyak/Khan l?l=embrace; t?t=fathom;



š u~o l e ................Cherem/Mari œülö=embrace, šülö=fathom;



š i~e l .................Votyak/Udm sil=embrace;



š i~e l .................Zuryen/Komi syl=fathom;



s e l o ..................Mordvin sež=embrace, fathom;



s u l e ..................Finn/Suomi syli=bosom, outstretched arms, fathom;



s~š o ll e ...............Lapp/Saami sâlâ=bosom,outstretched arms, fathom.



t ü~o l e ................Samoyed tii=embrace/Selkup; ??e=embrace/Eńec; ?imi/?anasan







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *sure-== finger (body)


_ a~u r e~i - ...........EmeGir/Sumr su_ =hand



s o r e - ...............Mordvin sur



s~š u~o rr e - ..........Lapp/Saami suoŕbmâ







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *œore== stem , shaft , branch , legg (body)


š~s~z u~a r _ ............EmeGir/Sumr za-ra =pole, shaft; sar=to begin < originate << stem from



sz o>a r e~i .............Magyar/Hung szár =stem, shaft; láb-szár=shank of the legg; szár-m-az=descend



s~t a~o~u r e ............Vogul/Mansi s?r="stiefelschaft", k?t-s?r =underarm (kat=arm);la'il-sar=shank



s~t a~o~u r e ............Ostyak/Khan sor,s?r =shaft; s?r=bootlegg; kor-sur =span; ket-sur=underarm;



š~œ o~u r o ..............Mordvin tšör, tšer = leg shank



s a~o r e ................Finn/Suomi sääri ="unterschenkel" (supposedly unrelated)



ALTAIC türei=bootlegg/CMongol; ture=bootleg/Manchu;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *œuwe== mouth 2 > œawe= word (body)


š~s~z a~u - _ ............EmeGir/Sumr s?l, su 6, sun 4, sum 4=chin,lower lip;sub=pray; sa_4=to call by name



z e - _ ..................EmeSal/Sumr šu.um-du.um =lip;



sz u e~i ..................Magyar/Hung száj=mouth; szav,szó_=word; szó-l=talks,calls;szav-al=recite poetry



s~t a e ...................Vogul/Mansi s?p=mouth, saw=melodie,noise,voice,word; kaj-saw=prayer;



s~t a e ...................Ostyak/Khan s?u=word, saw=melody



š~s ? e ...................Cherem/Mari œu ?



œ~š ?~? ..................Votyak/Udm œu =thirst?



œ~š ?~-? .................Zuryen/Komi œu-kes =thirst? (?sik=dry)



s uu~oo ..................Finn/Suomi suu=mouth



s uu~oo ..................Estonian suu =mouth



č u~o v e ................Lapp/Saami tsuuwe=mouth; čoddâ =throat;



s ü~o _ e ................Samoyed œ?_, s?



s u w e ..................Penuitan caw=sing,song/Calif Wintu;



ALTAIC sav=talk,word,message/Turkic







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *täktä== bone > ?physical body-corpse (body)


d a~i g~_ a~i ............EmeGir/Sumr tug-ul =thigh;d?g,du 10=member,knees,loins;ti_=ribb bone;da_=arm



t e t ...................Magyar/Hung te_t-em =body,corpse; test=body; ta-g=member(of the body,group),



t ä ht~ks ä ..............Finn/Suomi tahti, tähde =?baton,bar?



d ie~a kt ? ..............Lapp/Saami dakte=bone, woody, get dry-stingy-difficult;







Reconstructions............FinnUgor *tawe== lung (uncertain etymology) (body)


t u e~i ...................Magyar/Hung tü-dö =lung



t~d ?~? ..................Votyak/Udm ty



t~? a v o ................Mordvin tevižav, tevlal



t uu~oo ..................Finn/Suomi täky, täty, tävy



t uu~oo ..................Estonian tävü, täü



t ? _ e ..................Samoyed tiiji/Eńec; tu/Kamas; tiiwak/Ńeńec; tüümäktä/Selkup;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *tu?e= member of the body, family, or organization; (body)(family)


d a~u ? _ ................EmeGir/Sumr d?g =member



t u~o k>v e~i ............Savard/Hung tag =member of the body, family, or orgainization;



t~? u n e~a ..............Etruskan tan-asa 1 =family member, relative;







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *tulka==feather , fly , wing (body)


d a~u l .................EmeGir/Sumr dal=to fly;



t u~o l(og) .............Magyar/Hung tol_=feather; ?szál =fly (t>z normally internally)



t u~o~ö l(?) ............Vogul/Mansi toul=feather, tila-mi=fly;



t u~o~ö l(?) ............Ostyak/Khan togal=feather,wing;



t o~u l(?) ..............Cherem/Mari -t?l=feather,wing;



t~d i~e l e ..............Votyak/Udm tili



t i~e l a ................Zuryen/Komi tyl-, tyv-= wing, finn, tail feather;



t~? o lg~ld a~o ..........Mordvin tolga=feather,wing;



d u~o lg ? ...............Lapp/Saami dožge=feather,wing;



t ü~o ll e ...............Samoyed too



ALTAIC *talo=wing/Altaic, dal=fly/Mongol;







Reconstructions............FinnUgor *ture== neck , throat (body)


t u~o r e~i ..............Magyar/Hung tor-ok = throat, windpipe, gullet; du-dol= humm a song;



t u~o~ö r e ..............Vogul/Mansi to`r, tur =sound, throat;



t u~o~ö r e ..............Ostyak/Khan tur =neck, throat







Reconstructions............FinnUgor *uše== skin , outer cover of body > meat , flesh (body)


u z _ .....................EmeGir/Sumr uzu =flesh, meat, omen;



u s e~i ...................Magyar/Hung h-us=flesh, meat;



(w)u~a t~l e ..............Ostyak/Khan et =body; surface of the body; skin of humans;



i~e ž ....................Zuryen/Komi ež =skin, flesh;



u~o ž o ...................Mordvin jož(a), jožo=surface;



(v)a ss~s e ...............Lapp/Saami âsse=back of furs or skins; the outer layer of flesh, at shoulder







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *were== blood (body)


_ u r _ ..................EmeGir/Sumr _?ri =blood



v e~i r e~i ..............Magyar/Hung vér =blood; vir, wer- /OH



v e~i r e~i ..............Savard/Hung veri =blood



(w) e r e ................Vogul/Mansi vuir, vír, wuir



w~u e r e ................Ostyak/Khan uir



w~? e~y~? r e ............Cherem/Mari ??r



v o~u~e r ...............Votyak/Udm vir



v o~u~e r ...............Zuryen/Komi v?r



v~? e~i r o ..............Mordvin veŕ



w e~ie r e ...............Finn/Suomi veri



v~u e~i r e~i ............Estonian veri



v~u ?~ie~i rr e ..........Lapp/Saami vârrâ







Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *wi?e== brain marrow , bone marrow (body)


v i~e l e~i ..............Magyar/Hung vel-ö=marrow;



(w) i~ü l~t~- e ..........Vogul/Mansi vu?l-em, v?lem, ?oal-em



w~u o l~t~- e ............Ostyak/Khan _u?D?m, _u?tem



w~? i - e ................Cherem/Mari ?i_-m



v i l~j~- ...............Votyak/Udm viji-m, vim



v e l~j~- ...............Zuryen/Komi ve_-m



i~e d o .................Mordvin _ud'-em, ud'-ime



i~y t~d e ...............Finn/Suomi _ydi-n



i~y t~d e~i .............Estonian _üdi



v~u i~ie ďď e ............Lapp/Saami _âd'd'-âm







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *woje== (woje) butter , grease (body)


_ u~a _ .................EmeGir/Sumr _ia_ =cream, fat, oil



_ e _ ...................EmeSal/Sumr _u_ =fat, cream



v o>a j e~i ..............Magyar/Hung vaj=butter;



(v) a~o~u j e ............Vogul/Mansi v?j,v?j,?aj =fat; sai-?oi=butter;



(w) a~o~u j e ............Ostyak/Khan _ui=fat,butter,oil;



w~? a~o~u -~j e ..........Cherem/Mari _?i =oil,butter;



w~? o~a j ...............Votyak/Udm vei,v?j,voj=butter,oil,fat;



v~? o~a j ...............Zuryen/Komi vii,vi=butter;



o~u j~- o ...............Mordvin vaj,oi=fat,butter,oil;



a~o j~i e ...............Finn/Suomi voi=butter



a~o j~i e~i .............Estonian v?i=butter



? j~i e .................Lapp/Saami vuoggjâ=fat,butter,margarine;



ALTAIC mai=butter/Baskir-Turk; bai=butter,fat/Turkic;







Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *wolka== shoulder > shoulder harness (body)


v o>a l(og) .............Magyar/Hung váll =(1) shoulder; (2) separate;



(v) a~o~u l(?) ..........Vogul/Mansi _ujl-ep, ?oil-?p =shoulder harness



a~o l k a~o ............Finn/Suomi _olka=shoulder



a~o l k ? ..............Estonian _?la=shoulder



? lg ? ..................Lapp/Saami _oažge=shoulder