szkiták a mongol-kínai határvidéken

addition to frontier garrison records of distinct Hu military units, mentions of non-Chinese names can be found in records of those stationed at the Han garrisons (Giele 2011, 73). Material evidence of distinctly Hu peoples among the Han inhabitants has also been found in the cities and garrisons, including Han official seals with non-Chinese family names (e.g., Lu 鹿) 23 and steppe-style weaponry, belt pieces, and tools24 (Fig. 10). Evidence for non-Chinese inhabitants interacting with and living amongst Han frontier communities also exists in figurines found in Han tombs along the northern edge of the Ordos as well as within the heart of the Ordos plateau (Fig. 11). One particular figurine from Sanduandi <段地 (Wei 1998, 138–160), depicting steppe-style clothing of broad pants, long robe, draping cloak, and cone-shaped hood, all of which resemble garments found in Xiongnu burial assemblages in Noyon Uul, Mongolia (Trever 1932; Rudenko 1969), suggests Hu groups that retained identities distinct from the Han inhabitants (Fig. 11.1). Early first century CE tombs in the region of Wuyuan indicate a continued presence of non-Chinese peoples, though these don slightly different clothing and distinct rounded flat-topped hats and hairstyles (Fig. 11.2–3). Although such figurines have been equated to Qiang 羌 groups from Gansu and Qinghai (Ma 2003), we should be more cautious with ascriptions and may see them only as evidence of yet another group that is neither Han Chinese nor steppe Xiongnu co-existing in a mélange of Han official county and affiliate state communities. Given the amount of pastoral peoples resettled from the northern steppes and regions further west alongside the resettled Han convicts and colonists, attention toward the prevalence of Han tombs should not preclude recognition of the significant non-Han groups residing within the frontier.

forrás:

THE SOUTHERN XIONGNU IN NORTHERN CHINA: NAVIGATING AND NEGOTIATING THE MIDDLE GROUND

Bryan K. Miller