kín kínoz kínlódik
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Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū́ńa
Meaning: punishment
Russian meaning: наказание
Turkic: *Kɨ̄jn
Proto-Turkic: *Kɨ̄jn
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 punishment, fine, guilt 2 to punish 3 cruelty, tyranny 4 to condemn 5 hard, difficult 6 to torture 7 insult, offence 8 to offend 9 harm, torture 10 sin 11 to annoy, anger 12 to beat
Russian meaning: 1 наказание, штраф, вина 2 наказывать 3 жестокость, тирания 4 осуждать, порицать 5 трудный, тяжелый 6 мучить 7 обида 8 обижать 9 беда, мучение 10 грех 11 сердить, раздражать 12 бить
Old Turkic: qɨjnɨɣ (acc.) (Orkh.), qɨjn, qɨn (OUygh.) 1, qɨna- 2 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qɨn, qɨjɨn (KB) 1, qɨna- 2 (MK, KB)
Turkish: kɨjɨn, kɨjɨnč 3, kɨna- 4
Tatar: qɨjɨn 5, qɨjɨna- 'to make difficult, hard'
Middle Turkic: qɨjɨn (Abush., Бор. Бад., MA), qɨn (Pav. C.), qɨna- 2 (Sangl.)
Uzbek: qijin 5, qijna- 6
Uighur: qijin 5, qijna- 6
Sary-Yughur: qɨn 1
Azerbaidzhan: Gɨna- 4
Turkmen: qɨ̄n 5, qɨ̄na- 'to make difficult, torture'
Khakassian: xɨjɨx 7, xɨjal 9
Shor: qɨjal 9, 10, qɨjɨq-ta- 8, qɨjnaɣ 9 (*qɨń-laɣ)
Oyrat: qɨjɨn, qɨjna- 6, qɨjal 10, dial. (Баск. Туба) qɨj- 6
Chuvash: xǝn 1
Yakut: kɨ̄nńā-, kɨjaxā- 11, kɨj- 'to pain, ache'
Dolgan: kɨjŋa- 11, kɨj- 'to kill'
Tuva: xɨjna- 6
Kirghiz: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjɨt- 'to make difficult, troublesome', qɨjna- 6
Kazakh: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 6, qɨn-ɨl- 'to be distressed'
Noghai: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 6
Bashkir: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 12
Balkar: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 12
Karaim: qɨjɨn, qejin 1, qɨjna- 6
Karakalpak: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 6
Kumyk: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 6
Comments: VEWT 264. EDT 631, ЭСТЯ 6, 218-219, Stachowski 168. Turk. *Kɨ̄jna- > MMong. qina- 'to torture' (Щербак 1997, 165). Nasalless forms (like Yak. kɨjaxā- etc.) may result from a reanalysis of the form *Kɨ̄jn as *Kɨjɨn, interpreted as a deverbative noun. Turk. > Hung. kín 'torture, suffering' (Gombocz 1912).
Mongolian: *könüɣe-
Proto-Mongolian: *könüɣe-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to harm, torture
Russian meaning: вредить, мучить
Written Mongolian: könüge- (L 490)
Khalkha: xönȫ-
Buriat: xünegȫl 'harm, damage'
Tungus-Manchu: *xuńi-
Japanese: *káná-
Proto-Japanese: *káná-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: sad, sorrowful
Russian meaning: печальный, грустный
Old Japanese: kana-si
Middle Japanese: káná-si
Tokyo: kànashi-
Kyoto: kánáshì-
Kagoshima: kanáshi-
