BODY PARTS
Updated 2005-09-06
- =refers to suffixes following it and these may be dropped in some languages
_ = refers to deleted phoneme positions.
~ = refers to alternating phonemes in different dialects, or simple alternating phonemes characteristic in a language.
(..) =refers to a phoneme which may be dropped or its internal value used.
Some language groups like Samoyed and Lapp have major branches which arent listed separately and thus
are not as exact as they could be.
= refers to changes that never converted all the phonems, just some.
Reconstructions refers to daughter languages derived from a reconstructed protoform that is listed
at the top of each word using a sound rule program to execute the changes. (Lingua is my own software)
Some words are found in other language families also, but when they are a rare example they are more than
likely just loan words.
Just because a word is found in another protolanguage doesnt necessarily mean its borrowed from there, in some instances its a common inheritance from an earlier partental language. Perhaps the hypothetical Ural-Altaic or even an earlier protoparent. Some protowords can be traced all the way back to Africa. In borrowing there is no prefered direction of borrowing.
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ańća-== groin area (body)
_ g a~u - ................EmeGir/Sumr _ga-l 4 = genitalia, vulva;
_ g e - ..................EmeSal/Sumr .
a gy a~o - ...............Magyar/Hung ágy-ék =groin area
a~o ń~ńć a - ............Vogul/Mansi úń =buttock, rear, rump
Reconstructions............FinnUgor *ai?e== (a?e) mouth , opening (body)
_ k~g e~i .................EmeGir/Sumr _ku (?>k)=mouth;
a j e~i ...................Magyar/Hung áj_=opening,fissure,slit,ravine; aj-ak =chin,lip; aj-tó=door
a~o ? e ...................Ostyak/Khan o?=mouth,opening,entrance,bay;
u~o ? e ...................Cherem/Mari ??=mouth,opening,outlet;
o~u m ....................Votyak/Udm im, em=mouth,opening; ym=estuary,mouth;
o~u m ....................Zuryen/Komi vom=mouth,opening,outlet;
a~e ? o ...................Mordvin ??,oj=bit on a bridle;
vuo ?~k e .................Lapp/Saami vuo??-s=mouth muzzle for a dog
(v)o ? e ..................Samoyed ń-??_=mouth/Yurak; na'=mouth/Eńec; _?a-n=mouth/Selkup; ??_/Kamas;
aa i ? e .................Yukagir a?a=mouth
ALTAIC *ág?=mouth, to open mouth/Altaic; *agyŕ/Turkic; *ag/Mongolic;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ćare== shit (body) [UralAltaic]
~s~z a~u r _ ............EmeGir/Sumr ur-im, sur-un=animal excrement; e_ 10 =excrement (im=deverbal suffix)
s~cs a~o r e~i ...........Magyar/Hung szar =shit
~t~č o~u r e ...........Ostyak/Khan or =shit;
č~ a~o~u r e ............Cherem/Mari ur =shit;
ć~t a r o ...............Mordvin er-ńe- =shit;
ALTAIC s?rV=buttock,defficate/A;*syry~*sary/Turkic;*sari-/Mongolic;seri(gi)Tungus
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *če?kä== person , head , spirit-soul , warm (body)
s>z e~i ?~g e ............EmeGir/Sumr sa?, sa_12=head, point, human; sa?-gig=Sumerian ethnic group
~s~z e~i n~m e ..........EmeSal/Sumr en =head, point, human;
s~sz~cs e~i g ...........Magyar/Hung -ság=suffix of ethnic groups > generalities;(?sukku=family)_agy=brain;
č~t~ e ?k>?? ..........Ostyak/Khan ă?k, te?k=warm,heat
s>h e~ie nk~ng ä .........Finn/Suomi henki=air,life, person, head, ghost (s>h); suku=family;siki= ofspring
s e nk e .................Livonian ?suk=family
s>h e~i nk~ng ä ..........Estonian hing_=life, person, head, soul ; sugu =family;
č~c ę~ie~i ?k~?g~gg ? ....Lapp/Saami haeg'â=life, body, womb < from Finnish; sokkâ =family
~_ e~a ?~k~c a~e ........Etruskan acu, axu =head;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ćerke== germ , seed , ovum (body) [Ugor]
~s~z e~i r _ e~i .......EmeGir/Sumr ir, sir 4 =testicles; ár = multiply, mix, to be many..;
s~cs e~i r v _ ..........Magyar/Hung csira, sarj, serk-en =germ, seed, ovum, shoot; serken =sprout,grow;
~t~č e r (?~x) ........Vogul/Mansi erk, ürk =germinate
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ćii== nipple, breast, tit (body)
s~cs i~e ..............Magyar/Hung csecs, cici =nipple;
~t~č o ..............Ostyak/Khan cüci, tútí = nipple, breast
č~ i .................Cherem/Mari c?z?, ćizi, ćii =nipple;
č i~ie i ...............Lapp/Saami čidďe =breast, mother;
ALTAIC čič-ig=breast/Turkic; če?eDi/Mongolic'; ča(i)Dan/Tungusic;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ćutte== ankle bone (body)
s~cs u~o t _ .............Magyar/Hung csont =bone (t>nt reflex)
č u~o ?t~ht e ............Lapp/Saami čutta
s~z u t e~a ..............Etruskan u?-l =bone
Reconstructions........... FinnUgor *čü?ke==(čü?ke) joint , knuckle (body)
s>z u~i (n~g) _ ..........EmeGir/Sumr su_ =hand; sil-ig =hand; ?zi-d=right hand;
s~sz~cs ü~ö n v e~i .....Magyar/Hung csög ~ csüd =pastern, bird's foot; csül-ök=knuckle,
č~t~ u~o~a ? e .........Ostyak/Khan ?u?-en=joint,limb,muscle; ?uń=finger;
č~~ i~e n~ń ...........Votyak/Udm čińi, čińe =finger
~č~ i~e n~ń ...........Zuryen/Komi ?uń,ćyń=finger
Reconstructions............FinnUgor *iće==shadow (spirit) of one's body, self; (body)
e~i ~s~z e~i .............EmeGir/Sumr _zi=soul, breath, breathing; sexual ardor; zu=know,mind-spirit?
i cs~gy~s e~i .............Magyar/Hung iz = shadow spirit(arch);iz=mouth gum disease;zi-hál=breathe hard;
i~o ~č e .................Vogul/Mansi is=(in yiw-is) shade of a tree (is=shade, yiw=tree)
i~o ~č e .................Ostyak/Khan is=mind, soul; is-??r=ghost,phantom, spirit; a?- =I myself;
i ć~~č ..................Votyak/Udm ač- =I myself;
i~e ć~ o .................Mordvin ä, e =oneself
y~i s~ts e ................Finn/Suomi itse =oneself
i s~ts e~i ................Estonian ise =oneself
i čč~ e .................Lapp/Saami ie, jie =oneself;
i č~s e ...................Samoyed eDZie = myself, yourelf
Reconstructions............FinnUgor *ińe== (ike-n?) cheek , palate (body)
_ (n~?) e~i ...............EmeGir/Sumr unu 2=cheek
i ny e~i ..................Magyar/Hung iny =palate; iny-enc=some especially tasty food;
i ń ......................Votyak/Udm a? =palate
i ń>n ....................Zuryen/Komi an=gums, flesh around the teeth
y~i n e ...................Finn/Suomi ien =gums
i n e~i ...................Estonian ige? =gums; (this form is not normal)
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *ipse-== (+kke?) smell > taste > flavor (body)
e~i ~z e~i - ..........EmeGir/Sumr _zí_=stench; _a-g, ig6, a6=sweet,good;
i v s e~i - .............Magyar/Hung iz_=flavor,sweet( smell*) ,_sza-g=smell
i~o p~w t e - ...........Vogul/Mansi ät=smell; äta?=smelly; et=flavor
i~o p~w t~l e - .........Ostyak/Khan ?p?t,ewal=odor,smell
i w~j~- e - ...........Cherem/Mari üp, =odor,smell
i p~- z o~u~e - .........Votyak/Udm ope
i p~- z o~u~e - .........Zuryen/Komi i_s_=odor,stench;
i~e p~v z e - ...........Mordvin op?=odor,smell;
i hp~p s e - ............Lapp/Saami afse,avse=odor; hapsa=odor,stench,reindeer excrement in summer;
i b s e - ...............Samoyed ?-ap_-t =odor,smell/Neńec; ?obta=odor,smell/?anasan; aptea;
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *jalka== foot , legg , > walk "on foot" (body)
?~g u l .................EmeGir/Sumr ?iri 3 =road trip. feet. foot. step, way, path; du_ =to walk;
n~m e l .................EmeSal/Sumr meri =foot;
j~gy a~o l(og) ..........Magyar/Hung gyal-og =on foot;gyalogol =walk;[l~r] jár=go about,running machine;
j>d'>- a~o~u l(?) .......Cherem/Mari jol =foot
j a l k a~o .............Finn/Suomi jalka =foot
j a l k ? ...............Estonian jalk = foot, legg;
j o>uo lg ? ..............Lapp/Saami juol'ge =foot, legg;
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *jä?te= bow string, tendon > nerve (tool) (body)
j~gy e d _ ...............Magyar/Hung _id-eg=nerve, bowstring; (j>i)
j~i ä~e ?(k) t .........Vogul/Mansi jaantew=bowstring;
j~i ä~e ?(k) t .........Ostyak/Khan jöt?h=bowstring, net?ord;
j>d'>- ä~e ? e ...........Cherem/Mari j?dä? =sinew, bowstring;
j ä n(t) e ...............Finn/Suomi jänne=bowstring, tendon;
j o~u ?~k d e ...........Samoyed jeddi=bowstring,tendon/Eńeć;neene=tendon,bowstring/Kamas;jeen/Ńeń
Reconstructions...............FinnUgor *kalke== hair 1 (body)
(g~h) u l e~i ............EmeGir/Sumr ?-ka_=fleece;
h a~o l(og) _ ............Magyar/Hung haj=hair; l>j
?~h a l(?) ..............Vogul/Mansi ?aj=hairstrands
k a lg~ld o ..............Mordvin kalgo=chaff,shive?
k a l k e ...............Finn/Suomi kalki =single hair?
g o>uo lg e ..............Lapp/Saami guožgâ =coat,hair?
ALTAIC *kh?l=hair/Altaic
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *kažwe== thickening skin , scabb (body)
(g~h) u l e~i ..........EmeGir/Sumr kul =thick,heavy
h a~o l v _ .............Magyar/Hung hály-og =thickening of the cornea
?~h a ž~?~>k' - ........Vogul/Mansi ?až-p =dandruff; ?ažeB= "birkenrinde"
k o~u l'~j -~v .........Votyak/Udm kiž = small fleck like bark on the upper part of pine trees.
k o~u l'~j -~v .........Zuryen/Komi kiž
k a l v e ...............Finn/Suomi kalvo= thick skin, eye cataract
k a l u e~i .............Estonian kale =eye cataract
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *k?-ma== membraine, peel (body)
(g~h) u -m _ .............EmeGir/Sumr kum ?/ref.missing/
h ? -m _ .................Magyar/Hung h?m_ =membrain, covering
?~h ? -m _ ...............Vogul/Mansi kam-tul=crust,rind;
k ?~? -m _ ...............Cherem/Mari kom =crust,rind;
k ? -m _ .................Votyak/Udm kum-el=crust,rind;
k a -m a~o ...............Finn/Suomi kama-ra=crust,surface, the hard surface of something;
k~? ? -m (a) .............Samoyed k?m =fish scale/Kamas; q??m_/ Selkup;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kele== speech , tongue , sing (body) (v)
k~g a~u l _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr gal-a =singer priest, cantor; ?gal-am=artistic;
k e~i l e~i ..............Magyar/Hung köl-t-ö=poet; kiál-t=shouts;
k(w) e l~?~t e ...........Vogul/Mansi kel? =word, report;
k ö l~?~t e ..............Ostyak/Khan köl =speech, word, news;
k e~y~? l e ..............Cherem/Mari k?l =chord, string;
k e~i l .................Votyak/Udm kyl =language,tongue, speech, word;
k e~i l .................Zuryen/Komi kyl =language,tongue, speech, word;
k e~ie l e ...............Finn/Suomi kieli=language,speech,tongue, chord, string;
k e~i ll e~i .............Estonian keel=tongue,language
k e l e ..................Yukagir kal-=speak/Yukagir;
ALTAIC *ki_ăli=tongue/Altaic; kele/Mong,Turkic;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *käte== hand (body)
k~g a~u d _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr k?, a-k? =forearm; kiib=hand, wrist; haz-a =to hold;
k e z~s e~i ..............Magyar/Hung kéz =hand; kesz-tyü = glove; kez-el=to handle; kéz-el=with hand;
k e z~s e~i ..............Savard/Hung kezi =hand
k(w) ä~e t e .............Vogul/Mansi ko?t ~ k?t, kä:t =hand
k ä~e t e ................Ostyak/Khan ket, kot, =hand
k ä~e ?~t e ..............Cherem/Mari kit=hand
k o~u _ .................Zuryen/Komi ki_ =hand
k ä~e d o ................Mordvin k'eď =hand
k ä s i ..................Finn/Suomi käsi =hand; kasivarsi=arm;
k ä d~t~s i ..............Estonian käsi=hand
g ie~a ht~tt e ...........Lapp/Saami giettâ =hand
Reconstructions.........FinnUgor *kińä-r== elbow , joint , bend (body)
k~g a (n~?) a~i - r ....EmeGir/Sumr ga?=knee,joint (suffix er dropped)
k ö ny e - r ...........Magyar/Hung köny-ök=elbow ~ kegy-=bent; kany-ar =a bend in the road,river,etc;
k(w) o ń>n ä~e - r .....Vogul/Mansi kän?-?ž =elbow
k o ń>n ä~e - r ........Ostyak/Khan ko?nai, ko?ai =elbow;
k i ń~n~j ä~e - r ......Cherem/Mari kiń-er [ń lost]=elbow;
k i ń o~u - r ..........Votyak/Udm gi_r-pum [ń lost]=elbow;
k e ń>n o~u - r ........Zuryen/Komi girďďa=elbow?
k i~e ń ä~e - r ........Mordvin keń-er =forearm, bend;
k i~y n ä - r ..........Finn/Suomi kyyna-ra=elbow;
k i~y n ä - r ..........Estonian küüna-r =forearm;
g i~ie ń~n ie~a - r ....Lapp/Saami gaig?e-r, kä??ir =elbow;
ALTAIC keńa=elbow,angle/Altaic;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kińe== a tear (body)
k ö ny e~i ...............Magyar/Hung könny =a tear; köny-ez=tears,weeps;
k i ń ...................Votyak/Udm ki_li=tear; (l ~ n)
k i~y n e ................Finn/Suomi kyyn-el=tear
g i~ie ń~n e .............Lapp/Saami gânj-âl=tear; (nj ~ ń)
s~k i n e ................Samoyed xajjo-el=tear/Yurak; ??jjoel=tear/Yenisey; kejel/Kamas;
Reconstructions...............FinnUgor *kol?== testicle (body)
(g~h) u~a _ _ ............EmeGir/Sumr gal 4=genitalia, vulva; hal=crotch;
h o>a l ? ................Magyar/Hung ?_?gy-?k=groin area; (l>gy is attested);
k o~a l .................Votyak/Udm ko'ž-an, kež-an =testicle;
k a~o l ? ................Finn/Suomi kolli=cat or dog in heat;
k a~o ll ? ...............Estonian koli =testicle;
g ? ll ? .................Lapp/Saami guožlâ ~kuožlâ = scrotum;
k~? u~o l ? ..............Samoyed hile=testicle /Neńeć; ki_ =penis/Kamas;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kon?== iner organs, inner spirit, soul (body)
h o>a n ? ................Magyar/Hung *hon as in jo-hon=inside, belly, heart,mind,liver,loin(archaic)
k a~o~u n~ń .............Ostyak/Khan hon
h o n ? ..................Penuitan hon=soul-spirit > heart-breast-liver,navel,breath-speech/Cal.Majdu
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kone== shoulder , under arm , armpit (body) + ala=under (body)
(g~h) u~a n~? _ ..........EmeGir/Sumr gun, gú_ =occiput, neck, nape;
h o>a n e~i ..............Magyar/Hung hón-alj ~ hony,holn =arm pit (alj=under,below); hón=shoulder(arch
?~h a~o~u n~ń e ..........Vogul/Mansi khan-l, h?nl =armpit
k o~a n .................Votyak/Udm kun-ul=armpit (-ul=under)
k o~a n .................Zuryen/Komi kun-uvt (uvt=that which is beneath)
k a~o n e ................Finn/Suomi kain-alo =armpit
k a~o n e~i ..............Estonian kaen-al=the embracing arm
g ? ń~n e ................Lapp/Saami kaińń-el
k~? u~o n~? e ............Samoyed kalin=shoulder/?anasan;
ALTAIC q?n=armpit,bosom/Turkic
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *koppa== bark, crust, skin (body)
(g~h) u~a b .............EmeGir/Sumr huba, hup =weaver (?type of knoted cloth?)
h o>a p~b ...............Magyar/Hung guba =knoted woven coat; [g>k] kab-át=coat; < Turkic influence
k a~o~u w ...............Cherem/Mari kuwo=hull, husk, scale, shell;
k o~u v a~o ..............Mordvin kuvo=bark, crust;
k a~o b ? ................Estonian k?ba=fir bark;
k~? u~o b b e ...........Samoyed koba=hide,skin/Neńec; kooba=hide,skin/Selkup; kufu/?anasan;
ALTAIC k'?p-a=/Altaic; K?puk/Turkic; kawda/Mongolic; xabda/Tun; kapa/Japan
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ko?ke== adam's apple, larynx; (body)
h o>a g _ ................Magyar/Hung gége =windpipe;
k a~o~u ?k>?? ...........Ostyak/Khan k??-li =adam's apple;
g ? ?k~?g~gg e ...........Lapp/Saami guog'g-om =larynx;
k~? u~o ?~k e ............Samoyed hu?ku=windpipe/Ńeńec;
ALTAIC g?ng-kan=adam's apple/Manchu;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kore== [?käre ] bark , crust , peel , skin (body)
h o>a r e~i ..............Magyar/Hung hár-tya = membraine;kér-eg = rind, bark; < Turk influence on phonet
?~h a~o~u r e ............Vogul/Mansi ?or-p =bark, crust, peel, skin
k a~o~u r e ..............Ostyak/Khan ?ur?-ap =bread-crust; scaly skin; ??ri=reddish inner skin of birch;
k o~a r .................Zuryen/Komi kir- =bark (of a coniferous tree), thick bark under birch bark;
k o~u r o ................Mordvin kaŕ =bast-shoe;
k a~o r e ................Finn/Suomi kuori =bark, crust, peel, skin;
k a~o r e~i ..............Estonian koor =shell (of an egg), skin (of fruit);
k o r e ..................Yukagir ?ar,kar=hide,skin/Yukagir;
ALTAIC ki_?rú=bark,shell/Altaic; kyrtyl/Turkic
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *k?će== [*kuńće also] urin (body)
(g~h) u ~s~z _ ..........EmeGir/Sumr k?_ =urin
m e d~t _ ................EmeSal/Sumr mud ?=blood??
h u cs~gy~s e~i ..........Magyar/Hung hugy_ =urin [from *kuńće ! cs~gy]
?~h u~o ~č e ............Vogul/Mansi khu-wü? =urin (wüt=water)
k u~o ~č e ..............Ostyak/Khan k?s- =urin
k uu č~~z e .............Cherem/Mari k?-am =urin
k i ~ .................Votyak/Udm ki =urin
k i ~ .................Zuryen/Komi kud'=urin
k o ć~ o ................Mordvin ke-?et =urin
k uu s~ts e ..............Finn/Suomi kuse- =urin
k u~o s~ts e~i ...........Estonian kusi- =urin
g u~o čč~ e ............Lapp/Saami guâ =urin
k~? ? č~s e ..............Samoyed küz, kuns?, k?nze,kunze =urin (from *kuńće)
ALTAIC ka-an=urin/Turk; kVd'V=urin/Tungus
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kuja== skin , leather , shell (body) > birch=*kojwa (tree)
(g~h) a~u _ .............EmeGir/Sumr kulla=peel,membraine; gi_ 4=surround < ? ku=skin,hide;
h u~o j a~o ..............Magyar/Hung héja =shell, rind, covering; hüvej=shell/container; hajó=boat,ship;
?~h u~o~? j .............Vogul/Mansi ?al = birch (shell,rind?)
k o~u -~j ...............Cherem/Mari ku?i =boat < shelled-skinn container,boat
k i~e j a ................Zuryen/Komi köja =tree "schwam?"
k o j~- a~o ..............Mordvin kuj-ma =basket, flat basin; kilej=birch bark;
k u~o j~i a~o ............Finn/Suomi koja =bark,rind >> koivu=birch;
k u~o j~i ? ..............Estonian k?iv=birch
g u~o j~i ? ..............Lapp/Saami Gw?`j`-?t =shell-rind?
k~? ?~o j e ..............Samoyed kujoku=birch; kua=birch;
ALTAIC *k`éjro=bark/Altaic;gaj-ik=ship/Turk;
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *kuje== body fat 2, blubber , to fatten (body)
(g~h) a~u _ .............EmeGir/Sumr he_ 2=abundance, _ia =fat, oil, butter
h u~o j e~i ..............Magyar/Hung háj=blubber, body fat; hí-z = to fatten;
?~h u~o~? j e ............Vogul/Mansi ?ut,jaj=to fatten?
k u~o~ö j e ..............Ostyak/Khan ?ott?eta =be fat ?
k o~u -~j e ..............Cherem/Mari kaj-a, koj-a =fat, fatty
k i~e j .................Votyak/Udm köj, küj =bacon, fat, tallow
k o j~- o ................Mordvin kuj-a, kuj-? =fat
k u~o j~i e ..............Finn/Suomi kuu =fat, tallow
ALTAIC ?oju=fat /Yakut-Altaic; koju =fat/Osman-Turk; guja/Mongol
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ku-ma== forehead < "curved" upper part of the head (a) (body)
(g~h) a~u -m _ ...........EmeGir/Sumr ka_ = face, mouth (m~w >_)
h u~o -m _ ...............Magyar/Hung hom-lok =forehead
?~h u~o~? -m _ ...........Vogul/Mansi xom-ta =forehead
k o~u -m _ ...............Cherem/Mari kim-es
k i~e -m _ ...............Votyak/Udm kim-ás
k o -m a~o ...............Mordvin k?m-ek
k u~o -m a~o .............Finn/Suomi kum-o
ALTAIC ?um-suri /Gold; kum-cuhun /Manchu
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *k?e== meat , flesh (body) (food)
(g~h) a _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr _uzu= flesh, cut of meat,omen,goat;kus=skin,leather;_su = body,flesh,skin..;
h u s e~i ................Magyar/Hung hus=meat < öz=deer < sheep [unknown origin]
ALTAIC khush?/Tartar
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *kutt?==(also *kut?) back > hump > belly > abdomen (body)
(g~h) a~u d~t i~e ........EmeGir/Sumr _ed-in=back, spine, grazing land; *kut? >ha 4=back;há =lower abdomen;
h u~o t .................Magyar/Hung hát=back; hát-ul=behind; (*tt>*t>s) ha=abdomen,belly >stomach;
?~h u~o~? t .............Vogul/Mansi ?utai=behind, back;
k u~o~ö t ...............Ostyak/Khan k?t-?=in the 'protection' of the tree?
k i~e ?~t ...............Votyak/Udm gač?=to lie on the back;(loan)
k i~e ?~t ...............Zuryen/Komi gač?=from the back;(loan)
k~? ?~o tt~t ? ...........Samoyed kotti =back,behind; koče=backwards/Selkup;
ALTAIC qotu/CMongol, xoto/Kalmuk; qodo/Manchu; _ato=back/Japanese;
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *k?wla== (kupla) makes bubbles > fish bladder (body)
(g~h) a l ...............EmeGir/Sumr _ella-g =bladder;
h u l ...................Magyar/Hung holy-ag =bladder, blister; kopol-tyu=fish gills;
?~h u~o ?l ..............Vogul/Mansi kawelm=bladder, bubble; ka?l-elm, kamlex
k u~o ?l ................Ostyak/Khan h?m?l =bladder, blister, corn;
k uu ?l .................Cherem/Mari k?w?l, kuw?l =water bubble;
k uu pl a~o ..............Finn/Suomi kupla, kuula, kuulo =buble, blister, bump, fishsound;
g u~o bl ? ...............Lapp/Saami goblo/koble =lung;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *läppe== spleen , milt (body)
l a~i b e~i ..............EmeGir/Sumr lib-i =internal organ
l e p~b _ ................Magyar/Hung lép=milt, spleen
l~t~? ?~e b .............Ostyak/Khan ?ap?tne?
l ä~e p e ................Cherem/Mari lep?,lep
ž o~u p .................Votyak/Udm lup
ž o~u p .................Zuryen/Komi lop, slop
l ie~a p'p e .............Lapp/Saami tab't?=milt;
l o~u b b e .............Samoyed rapseä/Neńec
ALTAIC *li_ap'V=spleen/Altaic
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *lolke== limb (foot,hand, paw of a body) (body)
l u~a l e~i ..............EmeGir/Sumr lill-an =stalk (with ripe ear of grain)
l o>a l(og) _ ............Magyar/Hung lollu > loll =ham, roast ham (dialectical only)
l a~o~u l(?) ............Vogul/Mansi lel =foot, l??l =foot; < may be related to *luwe=bone/leg;
l~t~? a~o~u l(?) ........Ostyak/Khan l???l=paws
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *luwe== bone (body)
l u e~i ...................Magyar/Hung láb??=leg; ?luw+pa (head of the legg?)
l a e .....................Vogul/Mansi low,lu_=bone
l~t~? a e .................Ostyak/Khan l?-g =bone
ž ?~? ....................Votyak/Udm lu, ly =bone
ž ?~-? ...................Zuryen/Komi ly =bone
l o v o ..................Mordvin luw-aa=bone
l uu~oo ..................Finn/Suomi luu =bone
l uu~oo ..................Estonian luu =bone
l ü~o _ e ................Samoyed lyy/Neńec; ly/Selkup; le/Kamas;
Reconstructions......... FinnUgor *maksa== liver (body)
m u ?~h ~z ............EmeGir/Sumr ba_ =liver (?m>mb >b)
m a~o v s ..............Magyar/Hung máj=liver
m a ?t ..................Vogul/Mansi majt, mot =liver
m a ?t ..................Ostyak/Khan m??et, m??e? =liver
m a~o~u k ..............Cherem/Mari mok =liver
m o~u s e ................Votyak/Udm mus
m o~u s a ................Zuryen/Komi mus
m a k a~o ...............Mordvin makso
m a k s a~o .............Finn/Suomi maksa
m a k s ? ...............Estonian maks
m o>uo k s ? ............Lapp/Saami mwök?sie
m ? t~d e ................Samoyed mudo, mit,muro
ALTAIC ba?yr /Turkic , p?ver/Chuvash
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *mälke== breast (body)
m a~i l e~i ..............EmeGir/Sumr mur=lung (l>r); méli=throat area;
m e l(og) _ ..............Magyar/Hung mell =breast, chest; mel-et=next to, besides; mel-ény=vest;
m ä~e l(?) ..............Vogul/Mansi mail,magl=breast
m ä~e l(?) ..............Ostyak/Khan meg-at
m ä~e l(?) e .............Cherem/Mari mel
m o~u l .................Votyak/Udm myl,myl-az=the front side of the breast;
m ä~e lg~ld o ............Mordvin mälhka=breast;
m ä l k e ...............Finn/Suomi mälvi=birds breast; mälvi=breast meat/Karelian;
m ä l k e~i .............Estonian mälv=birds breast
m ie~a lg e ..............Lapp/Saami mielgâ=breast;
m ä l e ..................Yukagir melu,melut=breast;
m a~e l(ac) e~a ..........Etruskan m_li-?uns =kind of tight fiting vestcoat or beside< m_l=breast,chest
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *mar-== nape of neck > shoulder , neck (body)
m a~u r - ................EmeGir/Sumr murgu; mur7,8 =neck & shoulders
m a~o r - ................Magyar/Hung marja; mar =nape of neck, shoulder of animal;
m a r - ..................Vogul/Mansi m?r-e?=upper part of wing; markä?ä= the wing;
m a r - ..................Ostyak/Khan m?r-ek=upper arm, wing;
m a~o~u r - ..............Cherem/Mari mora?
m o~u r - ................Votyak/Udm muräs =breast;
m o~u r - ................Zuryen/Komi mor-es =breast;
m o>uo r - ...............Lapp/Saami mairre =shoulder area;
m ? r - ..................Samoyed maŕ =shoulder area /Yurak
ALTAIC *mi_?jre=shoulder/Altaic; *mörü/Mongolic; müre-pen/Tungusic;
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *mer-kke== closed palm , hold , keep (body) ; *more =hold back;
m e~i r - g~h e~i ......EmeGir/Sumr mar=enclose/lockup; ma_ =to bind; mal=remain;
m e~i r - k _ ..........Magyar/Hung mar-ok=the closed palm; mar-ad=remain < hold,keep;
m e r - k .............Vogul/Mansi múr-?s
m e~a~o r - kk~? e .....Samoyed m?ri=greedy/Kamas; maŕŕ?=keepback,not give/Neńeć; mâra'áma/Tavgi;
m e~a r - ch e .........Etruskan mur = to remain;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *muńa== (muna) egg , penis , testicle (body)
m a~u (n~?) _ ............EmeGir/Sumr nu-mun=seed, multiply; mu_ =to grow seed; mud=birth;
n e (n~?) _ ..............EmeSal/Sumr mu_ =penis
m u~o ny a~o .............Magyar/Hung mony~mag (ny~gy>g)=seed semen; mén=stud horse;
m u~o~ö ń>n .............Vogul/Mansi m?n=testicle; mu?i=egg;
m u~o~ö ń>n .............Ostyak/Khan moń=male sexual organ,testicle;
m o~u ń~n~j .............Cherem/Mari mun?=egg
m o ń a~o ................Mordvin mona=testicle
m u~o n a~o ..............Finn/Suomi moń=male sexual organ, testicle;
m u~o ń~n ? ..............Lapp/Saami m?nne=egg/man=penis
m ü~o n e ................Samoyed monne, mânne=egg/Eńec; munuj=egg/Kamas; maane=penis/Selkup;
ALTAIC *úmu_=to bear,give birth/Altaic
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *mü?ä== behind , rear , sexual areas (body)
m u~i k~g _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr mug 2 =naked, pudenda, to be in heat;
m ü~ö j>g e ..............Magyar/Hung mög =behind, rear; mög-öt=behind; (meleg=heat?)
m u~o~a ?(k) ............Vogul/Mansi m?n-ta, m?n-tel=undressed; m?ńtl=along,during ?
m u~o ?~j>- .............Cherem/Mari m?n??, m??ge-, =back, after, retro;
m i~e (ń) .................Votyak/Udm mi--ti
m i~e (ń) .................Zuryen/Komi mi_--t =after a short time;
m e j~ng e ...............Mordvin mekej, meki=behind; menge, mejle =later on, after, then;
m üü _ ....................Finn/Suomi myö-tä =along with, downhill; myös-ta=comply,yield,retract;
m o ?~k ? ................Lapp/Saami mâ??i- =back,rear; m??-as=backward, onward; m??st?-=back out,move;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *mu?k-er== body > self , semen (body)
m a~u ?~g ...............EmeGir/Sumr mug 2 =nakedness; mud=give birth ( ?k=? >d' ); mu_ =grow seed;
m u~o g - e~i r ........Magyar/Hung mag- =semen, seed, grain, self (mag-am=myself,mag-ad=yourself);
m o~u ?g~g - e~y~? r ...Cherem/Mari mo?g-er, m???r =body, life;
m i~e (?)g - o~u~e r ...Votyak/Udm mug-or =body, form, outer body;
m i~e g~k - o~u~e r ....Zuryen/Komi mig =life, under parts; myg-?r =body, trunk;
ALTAIC *meńo=self,body/Altaic;*bu(n)/Turkic;mön/Mongolic;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ńakke== joint , vertabra , yearly growth (body) > genetive suffix
n u g~h e~i ..............EmeGir/Sumr *?ak>kak,gak=peg,nail,joint;
ny a~o k _ ...............Magyar/Hung nyak=neck, -nyék=locality
ń~n a k .................Vogul/Mansi näk, n?h=step,stage,end,limb,floor; nak-ui=finger joint;
ń~n a k .................Ostyak/Khan ńaek=limb,knot,duration,
n a kk~k e ...............Finn/Suomi nik-ama=knots in plants,stalks
n a k e ..................Penuitan nak- =segment of space/time/place/Penuitan Ind
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ńula== [*ń?la] lick (v) ; *ńäl-mä= tongue (-m deverbal) (body)
n a~u l _ ................EmeGir/Sumr ?eme=tongue (see the root word, for talk, speak);
m e l _ ..................EmeSal/Sumr .
ny u~o l a~o .............Magyar/Hung nyal=lick,nyelv=tongue
ń~n u~o~ö l~?~t .........Vogul/Mansi ńal-emti, ńol-ant=lick;
ń~n u~o~ö l~?~t .........Ostyak/Khan ńat, ńăl =lick;
ń~n~j o~u l .............Cherem/Mari ń?l-em
ń i~e l e ................Votyak/Udm nola- =lick;
ń>n i~e l a ..............Zuryen/Komi ńul=lick;
ń o l a~o ................Mordvin nola-ms=lick;
n u~o l a~o ..............Finn/Suomi nuole=lick;
ń~n u~o ll ? .............Lapp/Saami njoall-ot=lick;
ń ü~o l e ................Samoyed ?nü- /Kamas; ń?qel-, ń?- /Selkup;
ALTAIC amo=tongue/Altaic; yala/Azeri,Tartar,Turkish,Uzbek;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *nume== seed , inseminate (v) (body)
n~? a~u m~n _ ............EmeGir/Sumr num-un=to seed; nam-aba=older generation,
n u~o m~v e~i ............Magyar/Hung nem-z=to procreate; generation, nem=sex,type
Reconstructions............FinnUgor *ole== jaw , chin (body)
o l e~i ...................Magyar/Hung áll =jaw, chin
o~u l~?~t e ...............Vogul/Mansi už-es=jaw
a~o~u l e .................Cherem/Mari onl-a =chin
o~a l ....................Votyak/Udm a?l-?s =jaw bone
o~u l o ...................Mordvin ulo=chin
?~oa ll e .................Lapp/Saami oal-ol=lower jaw
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *ońćere== tusk (body)
o gy e~i r e~i ..........Magyar/Hung agyar=tusk
a ń~ńć e r e ...........Vogul/Mansi äńer
o ń~ńć e r e ...........Ostyak/Khan ańar
o~a o~u~e r ..........Votyak/Udm waer=tusk
o~a o~u~e r ..........Zuryen/Komi vodzir
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *o?le== lower jaw (body)
_ ? l e ..................EmeGir/Sumr _ka = mouth, face;(*?>g>k)
o j>g l _ ................Magyar/Hung áll =lower jaw, chin;
a ?(k) l~?~t ............Vogul/Mansi aa'yn=jaw; uža=chin, jawbone;
o ?(k)~? l~?~t ..........Ostyak/Khan o??l-loh=jaw-bone;
a~o~u ?~j>- l e ..........Cherem/Mari o?la-, o?g?la- =chin;
o~a ? l .................Votyak/Udm a?=jaw; a?l-a=lip;
o~a _ l .................Zuryen/Komi an=jaw;
o~u v~? l o ..............Mordvin ulo=chin;
?~oa ?~ń l e .............Lapp/Saami oalol=lower jaw;
vu~o ? l e ...............Samoyed o?aj=jaw/Kamas; aakaj=jaw/Selkup;
ALTAIC yanak=chin,jaw/Turkic;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *pä?e== (pä?e?) head , high , main > chief (body)
p~b a~i (n~g) _ ..........EmeGir/Sumr pa_=peak/D295;pad=above;pa_4=leader;pa=head/D152;siki-pa=hair of head;
f e n e~i ................Magyar/Hung föv, fö=chief,head, fej=head
ph e n e~i ...............Savard/Hung phe =head
p ä~e ?~- .................Vogul/Mansi p??, pä?k =head
p~b o~u n~ń .............Votyak/Udm pu?, pun, pum =edge, end, point, border;
p~b o~u n~ń .............Zuryen/Komi pon, pom=begining, end, point;
p ä~e _ ...................Mordvin pä_, pe_ ; pej=end;
p ä _ e ..................Finn/Suomi pää=head;
p ä ? e~i ................Estonian pää,pea =head
b ie~a ??~ńń e ...........Lapp/Saami bag?e=thickest part of reindeer horns, by the head.
p~f o~u _ e ..............Samoyed pa- =begin/Ńeńec; feaj=end, tip/Danasan;
m ä ? e ..................Yukagir punke=hill,mound/Yukagir;
p a~e ? e~a ..............Etruskan papn,pem =chief,greatest; pup-luna =chief/head place next to fireplace;
ALTAIC (p>x)xeki=head/Mongol; p?je=brain/Evenki;
Reconstructions.......... FinnUgor *peljä== ear (body)
p~b e~i l a~i ............EmeGir/Sumr bur=ear; pi_ =ear, measure of capacitance;
f e~i ž .................Magyar/Hung fül =ear;
p e ž ...................Vogul/Mansi piž=ear;
p e ž ...................Ostyak/Khan p?t,p??=ear;
p e~y~? l j ............Cherem/Mari p?l?=ear;
p~b e~i ž ...............Votyak/Udm pež=ear;
p~b e~i ž ...............Zuryen/Komi pež=ear;
p e~i ž e ................Mordvin piže =ear;
b ę~ie~i jj~kk ? .........Lapp/Saami bęlje, pielje=ear (? only one that has lj instead of l ?)
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *perä== rear , back (body)
p~b e~i r _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr b?r, bar-ag =seat,throne; ?bar=back
f e~i r e ................Magyar/Hung far =rear, buttock, backside
p e r ...................Vogul/Mansi päri =back,rear
p e r ...................Ostyak/Khan pir =back,rear
p~b o~u~e r .............Votyak/Udm ber =back part, late, later, last;
p~b o~u~e r .............Zuryen/Komi b?r=back, back part,posterior,retro,at last;
p e~i r e ................Mordvin pe,pä
p e~ie r ä ...............Finn/Suomi perä =back,rear,foundation
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *pere== skin , leather (body)
f e~i r e~i ..............Magyar/Hung bör =skin, hide, leather
p e r e ..................Vogul/Mansi a-poar=birch-bark
p e r e ..................Ostyak/Khan p?r =redish membraine inside the outer birch bark;
p~f e~a~o r e ............Samoyed p?r =rind,bark/Yurak,Koibal; ho-pir=birch bark/Neńeć;
ALTAIC bür=cover/Altaic; feri=skin/Manchu; ?r?=skin/Altaic;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *pesä== nest , womb < egg (body)
p~b e~i ~z _ ............EmeGir/Sumr pe=womb
f e~i s e ................Magyar/Hung fész-ek=nest,womb "egg container"
p e t ...................Vogul/Mansi pi?i=nest
p e t~l .................Ostyak/Khan p?l, pit =nest;
p e~y~? ...............Cherem/Mari p?ä=nest,den,aerie;
p~b o~u~e z .............Votyak/Udm puz=egg, puz-kar=birds nest
p~b o~u~e z .............Zuryen/Komi poz=egg
p e~i z e ................Mordvin p'izë=bird nest
p e~ie s ä ...............Finn/Suomi pesä=nest
b ę~ie~i ss~cc ? .........Lapp/Saami pęsse=nest
p~f e~a~o s e ............Samoyed fide=nest/Eńeć; pide=nest/Neńeć; f?tte/?anasan; pättä/Selkup;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *pü?e== (or pü:?e) tooth (body)
f ü~ö j>g e~i ............Magyar/Hung fog =tooth
p u~o~a ?(k) e ...........Vogul/Mansi p??k=tooth
p u~o~a ?k~?? e ..........Ostyak/Khan p??k=tooth
p u~o ?~j>- e ............Cherem/Mari p?j > p?_ =toth
p~b i~e (ń) ...............Votyak/Udm piń=tooth
p~b i~e (ń) ...............Zuryen/Komi piń=tooth
p e j~ng o ...............Mordvin pej~peńg~pev=tooth
p üü _ ....................Finn/Suomi pii=tooth of a comb, peg(of a rake)
b o ?~k e ................Lapp/Saami padne=tooth
ALTAIC b?,m?=cutting edge/Sakha,Ewenki;(closer to pir,pur)
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *poćka== deficate , diarhea , shit (v) (body)
p~b e d~t _ ............EmeSal/Sumr b?d =deficate
f o>a cs~gy~s v ........Magyar/Hung fos_ =diarhea; büz=stench; ?bud?=outhouse; ?büd-ös=stinky;
p a~o~u ~č (?~x) ......Vogul/Mansi po =diarhea;
p a~o~u ~č (?~x) ......Ostyak/Khan p??, p? =diahrea, thin excrement;
p a~o~u č~~z _~j ......Cherem/Mari puke-?am =have diarhea;
p o~u ć~ j~v a~o .......Mordvin peki-ems=diahrea;
p a~o s~ts k a~o ........Finn/Suomi paska=excrement (also in Liv)
p a~o s~ts k ? ..........Estonian paska=thin excrement;
b ? _ k ? ...............Lapp/Saami b?ik?-ik =excrement;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *po?e== bosom (body)
f o>a j>g e~i ............Magyar/Hung bögy, begy =large bosom,chest of a woman or a bird;
p a~o~u ?(k) e ...........Vogul/Mansi puw-?i > puut =bosom of a garment;
p a~o~u ?(k)~? e .........Ostyak/Khan pug-?l, pug-?t
p a~o~u ?~j>- e ..........Cherem/Mari po??-, po_-m?
p~b o~a _ .................Votyak/Udm pi
p~b o~a _ .................Zuryen/Komi pi
p o~u v~? o ..............Mordvin pova, po?go,
p oo _ ....................Finn/Suomi povi
b ? ?~ń e ................Lapp/Saami buog?â=breast of a bird;
ALTAIC bońg/ProtoTurkic
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *puna== pubic hair (body)
p~b a~u n~? _ ............EmeGir/Sumr pen-zer=female genitals;
f u~o n a~o ..............Magyar/Hung fan =pubic hair
p u~o~ö n~ń .............Vogul/Mansi pun
p o~u (n) ...............Cherem/Mari pin
p~b i~e n e ..............Votyak/Udm pun
p o n a~o ................Mordvin pona
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *ruka== pelts , medium of trade , clothing (body)
r a~u .................EmeGir/Sumr ru_, ri_=gift, present, to exchange
r u~o h .................Magyar/Hung ruha =clothing; ir_ha=pelt,hide; ?ér=worth;
r u~o h a~o ..............Finn/Suomi ruho=carcass, raha=money
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *säke= (säje) puss, infected flesh (body)
- e v e~i ................Magyar/Hung _ev, _év =puss (j>_ > v)
t ä~e (?~x) e ............Vogul/Mansi säi =sm
t>l ä~e (?~x) e ..........Ostyak/Khan loi, t?i =sm
ä~e _~j e ..............Cherem/Mari üi, ü, üj
o~u _ .................Zuryen/Komi si- = rotten
s ä~e j~v o ..............Mordvin sij
s~ ie~a kk e ............Lapp/Saami sieggja =puss,wound, sore
t o~u gg e ...............Samoyed t'iba=sore/Yen; timi-em=sore,hurt/Tavgi; te_/Selkup, telem/Kam;
Reconstructions.......... FinnUgor *äkre==(äkre) hair 2 , fur (body)
~s~z a~i ?~h (r) e~i ...EmeGir/Sumr suhur, siki, sigi=hair, fur, wool, hide; sur, sum =a beard;
sz e v r _ ..............Magyar/Hung szö_r =hair, fur; sör-ény=mane; szörm = fur (in clothing)
s~t ä~e (?~x) r ........Vogul/Mansi s?_ir=mane
~s ä~e _~j r e .........Cherem/Mari ar =mane
~ ä~e j~v r o .........Mordvin ejeŕ=long hair
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *säppä== gall bladder (body)
- e p~b .................Magyar/Hung _epe =gall bladder
t ä~e p .................Vogul/Mansi t?p=bear gall bladder; täp=gall bladder;
t>l ä~e b ...............Ostyak/Khan sip
ä~e p .................Cherem/Mari ä_k, ek =gall bladder
o~u p .................Votyak/Udm sep=gall bladder
o~u p .................Zuryen/Komi s?p, sep=gall bladder
s ä~e v e ................Mordvin ëpe=gall bladder
s ä pp~p ä ...............Finn/Suomi sappi=gall bladder
s~ ie~a p'p ? ...........Lapp/Saami sap'pe=gall bladder
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ä?ke== back side , groin & sexual areas (body)
~s~z a~i ?~g e ..........EmeGir/Sumr ag 4=abdomen,womb,entrails;
sz e g _ .................Magyar/Hung segg =buttock, _ágy-ék=groin
s~t ä~e ?k>?? ...........Vogul/Mansi s??kw=groin area; soa?kw =hipps, groins, thigh;
s~t ä~e ?k>?? ...........Ostyak/Khan s?? =angle?
~s ä~e ?g~g e ...........Cherem/Mari se?g-eń=rear, backside, sexual areas;
č ie~a ?k~?g~gg e ........Lapp/Saami ?haega=life,body,womb < Finnish influece
ALTAIC sagri=buttock/Turk;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *s?ne== sinew, tendon, vein (tool) (body)
s u n~? _ ................EmeGir/Sumr sa_ =sinew, cord, bundle,
- o n e~i ................Magyar/Hung _in =tendon, sinew; zene=music < instrument string,chord;
t ú n~ń e ................Vogul/Mansi tőőn=sinew, vein, string;t?n, t?n = nerve,string(of instrument; ta??i=play music
t>l u n~ń e ..............Ostyak/Khan jan~ton =sinew, string, vein;
? (n) e ................Cherem/Mari ün =sinew; ?vein;
? n ...................Votyak/Udm en, s?n =sinew, vein;
? n ...................Zuryen/Komi s?n=sinew, vein;
s u n o ..................Mordvin san =sinew; vein;
s u n e ..................Finn/Suomi suoni=sinew, tendon, vein;
s u n e~i ................Estonian soon=sinew, vein;
s~ uo ń~n e .............Lapp/Saami suodnâ= sinew, tendon, artery, vein, bow string;
t ? n~? e ................Samoyed ten /Kamas;tean,t?n,tee=sinew,vein/Ńeńeć;taa?/?a?asan; can,ten/Selk
_ ? n e~a ................Etruskan un-u = musician (-u =person) ; ?un =musical instrument (?type)
ALTAIC sí?ri=sinew/Altaic; si?i/Turkic; sinda-su/Mongolic; sire-/Tungusic
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ińćä==innards (body)
~s~z i g e ..............EmeGir/Sumr ag 4 > a_ =midst, heart, womb, gut, abdomen, intestines;
sz i~e gy ...............Magyar/Hung szügy = chest,heart and innard of animals; szegy =beef brisket;
s i~y s ä ................Finn/Suomi sisä, sisää-n =in, into
s i~y s ä ................Estonian sisi =innards
s i n č~s e .............Samoyed uso =breast; sudo=innard /Eńec; sina=innard/?anasan;
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *iđäme== heart (body)
~s~z i d~ a~i m~n _ ..EmeGir/Sumr ag 4 =heart, innerds (deleted deverbal suffix); zi =spirit;
z i b~m e m~n _ ........EmeSal/Sumr ? 3_ab =heart (m~w~b)
sz i~e j~gy e m~v e~i ..Magyar/Hung szügy_ =chest,breast,heart (of animals); (ij>í) szi_ _v =heart;
s i~e j e m~v e~i ......Savard/Hung serti ? =heart;
s~t i~ü ž ä~e m e ......Vogul/Mansi i_m =heart
s~t o l~j ä~e m~w e ....Ostyak/Khan s?_m =heart;
~s i ?~d ä~e m~v e ....Cherem/Mari ü_m =heart
~ i ž o~u m~v .......Votyak/Udm ul-em =heart
~ e ž o~u m~v .......Zuryen/Komi ől-őm =heart
~ i~e d~l ä~e m o ....Mordvin ed-ej =heart
s i~y d ä m e ..........Finn/Suomi syd-än =heart
č i~ie ?? ie~a m~mb e ..Lapp/Saami čâ?e, čâđa =heart;
s i ?~j o~u m~? e ......Samoyed saj=heart/Eńeć; sii/Kamas; sej/Koibal;seej/Neńeć; sa/?an; id/Slk
s~z e x a~e m~v u~a ....Etruskan ziv-al =heart, body part; ziv-as =heart, spirit; ziv =to live;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *il-ma== eye "see" + deverbal ma (body)
~s~z i (m~b) _ ..........EmeGir/Sumr zi-b, si_ =see (lm>m>b); [ i-gi =eye (see observe) ]
sz i~e m _ ...............Magyar/Hung sze_m =eye
s~t i~ü m _ ..............Vogul/Mansi ä_m =eye
s~t o m _ ................Ostyak/Khan sem =eye
~s i n _ ................Cherem/Mari en-za=eye
~ i n _ ................Votyak/Udm in=eye
~ e n _ ................Zuryen/Komi in =eye
~ i~e žm' a~o ..........Mordvin el-me =eye (me =deverbal suffix)
s i~y l -m a~o ..........Finn/Suomi sil-mä =eye
s i~y l -m _ ............Estonian sil-m =eye
č i~ie lbm ? .............Lapp/Saami č?lbme =eye
s i m (a) ................Samoyed sima,xä?m, =eye
s~z e m _ ................Etruskan sem-nisi = eyes which see; (ni =watch,see)
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *sojka== (soja) armlength , fathom (body)
s u~a g~? _ ............EmeGir/Sumr su_ 13, su-d =long, length, prolong
- o>a j v ..............Magyar/Hung _ujj =arm length, sleeve; _öl =arm length;
t a~o~u j (?~x) ........Vogul/Mansi taj-t
a~o~u -~j _~j ........Cherem/Mari o_-k
o~a j _ e .............Votyak/Udm sej_e-s
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *su?e== finger > hand (body)
s a~u d~ _ ..............EmeGir/Sumr su_ =hand?fingers
- u~o j~gy e~i ...........Magyar/Hung _ujj=finger ~_ügy =another word for hand
t u~o~ö ž e ..............Vogul/Mansi tuž, tožŕ-=finger
t>l u~o~ö l~j e ..........Ostyak/Khan ?ui, lui,iui,tui, =finger
t ü~o ?~j e ..............Samoyed taj-am=finger/ Tajgi; taje-da=finger/Mot
Reconstructions............FinnUgor *süle== lapp (body) , embrace , fathom (arm length)
_ u~i l _ ................EmeGir/Sumr hal=crotch (s>->h)< lap; _u_ 5=to mount (intercourse), to ride;
- ü~ö l e~i ..............Magyar/Hung _öl =lap; _öl-el=embrace; öl =armlength ;
t u~o~a l~?~t e ..........Vogul/Mansi tal, t?l=bosom, embrace, fathom;
t>l u~o~a l~?~t e ........Ostyak/Khan l?l=embrace; t?t=fathom;
u~o l e ................Cherem/Mari ülö=embrace, ülö=fathom;
i~e l .................Votyak/Udm sil=embrace;
i~e l .................Zuryen/Komi syl=fathom;
s e l o ..................Mordvin sež=embrace, fathom;
s u l e ..................Finn/Suomi syli=bosom, outstretched arms, fathom;
s~ o ll e ...............Lapp/Saami sâlâ=bosom,outstretched arms, fathom.
t ü~o l e ................Samoyed tii=embrace/Selkup; ??e=embrace/Eńec; ?imi/?anasan
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *sure-== finger (body)
_ a~u r e~i - ...........EmeGir/Sumr su_ =hand
s o r e - ...............Mordvin sur
s~ u~o rr e - ..........Lapp/Saami suoŕbmâ
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *ore== stem , shaft , branch , legg (body)
~s~z u~a r _ ............EmeGir/Sumr za-ra =pole, shaft; sar=to begin < originate << stem from
sz o>a r e~i .............Magyar/Hung szár =stem, shaft; láb-szár=shank of the legg; szár-m-az=descend
s~t a~o~u r e ............Vogul/Mansi s?r="stiefelschaft", k?t-s?r =underarm (kat=arm);la'il-sar=shank
s~t a~o~u r e ............Ostyak/Khan sor,s?r =shaft; s?r=bootlegg; kor-sur =span; ket-sur=underarm;
~ o~u r o ..............Mordvin tör, ter = leg shank
s a~o r e ................Finn/Suomi sääri ="unterschenkel" (supposedly unrelated)
ALTAIC türei=bootlegg/CMongol; ture=bootleg/Manchu;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *uwe== mouth 2 > awe= word (body)
~s~z a~u - _ ............EmeGir/Sumr s?l, su 6, sun 4, sum 4=chin,lower lip;sub=pray; sa_4=to call by name
z e - _ ..................EmeSal/Sumr u.um-du.um =lip;
sz u e~i ..................Magyar/Hung száj=mouth; szav,szó_=word; szó-l=talks,calls;szav-al=recite poetry
s~t a e ...................Vogul/Mansi s?p=mouth, saw=melodie,noise,voice,word; kaj-saw=prayer;
s~t a e ...................Ostyak/Khan s?u=word, saw=melody
~s ? e ...................Cherem/Mari u ?
~ ?~? ..................Votyak/Udm u =thirst?
~ ?~-? .................Zuryen/Komi u-kes =thirst? (?sik=dry)
s uu~oo ..................Finn/Suomi suu=mouth
s uu~oo ..................Estonian suu =mouth
č u~o v e ................Lapp/Saami tsuuwe=mouth; čoddâ =throat;
s ü~o _ e ................Samoyed ?_, s?
s u w e ..................Penuitan caw=sing,song/Calif Wintu;
ALTAIC sav=talk,word,message/Turkic
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *täktä== bone > ?physical body-corpse (body)
d a~i g~_ a~i ............EmeGir/Sumr tug-ul =thigh;d?g,du 10=member,knees,loins;ti_=ribb bone;da_=arm
t e t ...................Magyar/Hung te_t-em =body,corpse; test=body; ta-g=member(of the body,group),
t ä ht~ks ä ..............Finn/Suomi tahti, tähde =?baton,bar?
d ie~a kt ? ..............Lapp/Saami dakte=bone, woody, get dry-stingy-difficult;
Reconstructions............FinnUgor *tawe== lung (uncertain etymology) (body)
t u e~i ...................Magyar/Hung tü-dö =lung
t~d ?~? ..................Votyak/Udm ty
t~? a v o ................Mordvin tevižav, tevlal
t uu~oo ..................Finn/Suomi täky, täty, tävy
t uu~oo ..................Estonian tävü, täü
t ? _ e ..................Samoyed tiiji/Eńec; tu/Kamas; tiiwak/Ńeńec; tüümäktä/Selkup;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *tu?e= member of the body, family, or organization; (body)(family)
d a~u ? _ ................EmeGir/Sumr d?g =member
t u~o k>v e~i ............Savard/Hung tag =member of the body, family, or orgainization;
t~? u n e~a ..............Etruskan tan-asa 1 =family member, relative;
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *tulka==feather , fly , wing (body)
d a~u l .................EmeGir/Sumr dal=to fly;
t u~o l(og) .............Magyar/Hung tol_=feather; ?szál =fly (t>z normally internally)
t u~o~ö l(?) ............Vogul/Mansi toul=feather, tila-mi=fly;
t u~o~ö l(?) ............Ostyak/Khan togal=feather,wing;
t o~u l(?) ..............Cherem/Mari -t?l=feather,wing;
t~d i~e l e ..............Votyak/Udm tili
t i~e l a ................Zuryen/Komi tyl-, tyv-= wing, finn, tail feather;
t~? o lg~ld a~o ..........Mordvin tolga=feather,wing;
d u~o lg ? ...............Lapp/Saami dožge=feather,wing;
t ü~o ll e ...............Samoyed too
ALTAIC *talo=wing/Altaic, dal=fly/Mongol;
Reconstructions............FinnUgor *ture== neck , throat (body)
t u~o r e~i ..............Magyar/Hung tor-ok = throat, windpipe, gullet; du-dol= humm a song;
t u~o~ö r e ..............Vogul/Mansi to`r, tur =sound, throat;
t u~o~ö r e ..............Ostyak/Khan tur =neck, throat
Reconstructions............FinnUgor *ue== skin , outer cover of body > meat , flesh (body)
u z _ .....................EmeGir/Sumr uzu =flesh, meat, omen;
u s e~i ...................Magyar/Hung h-us=flesh, meat;
(w)u~a t~l e ..............Ostyak/Khan et =body; surface of the body; skin of humans;
i~e ....................Zuryen/Komi e =skin, flesh;
u~o o ...................Mordvin jo(a), joo=surface;
(v)a ss~s e ...............Lapp/Saami âsse=back of furs or skins; the outer layer of flesh, at shoulder
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *were== blood (body)
_ u r _ ..................EmeGir/Sumr _?ri =blood
v e~i r e~i ..............Magyar/Hung vér =blood; vir, wer- /OH
v e~i r e~i ..............Savard/Hung veri =blood
(w) e r e ................Vogul/Mansi vuir, vír, wuir
w~u e r e ................Ostyak/Khan uir
w~? e~y~? r e ............Cherem/Mari ??r
v o~u~e r ...............Votyak/Udm vir
v o~u~e r ...............Zuryen/Komi v?r
v~? e~i r o ..............Mordvin veŕ
w e~ie r e ...............Finn/Suomi veri
v~u e~i r e~i ............Estonian veri
v~u ?~ie~i rr e ..........Lapp/Saami vârrâ
Reconstructions...........FinnUgor *wi?e== brain marrow , bone marrow (body)
v i~e l e~i ..............Magyar/Hung vel-ö=marrow;
(w) i~ü l~t~- e ..........Vogul/Mansi vu?l-em, v?lem, ?oal-em
w~u o l~t~- e ............Ostyak/Khan _u?D?m, _u?tem
w~? i - e ................Cherem/Mari ?i_-m
v i l~j~- ...............Votyak/Udm viji-m, vim
v e l~j~- ...............Zuryen/Komi ve_-m
i~e d o .................Mordvin _ud'-em, ud'-ime
i~y t~d e ...............Finn/Suomi _ydi-n
i~y t~d e~i .............Estonian _üdi
v~u i~ie ďď e ............Lapp/Saami _âd'd'-âm
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *woje== (woje) butter , grease (body)
_ u~a _ .................EmeGir/Sumr _ia_ =cream, fat, oil
_ e _ ...................EmeSal/Sumr _u_ =fat, cream
v o>a j e~i ..............Magyar/Hung vaj=butter;
(v) a~o~u j e ............Vogul/Mansi v?j,v?j,?aj =fat; sai-?oi=butter;
(w) a~o~u j e ............Ostyak/Khan _ui=fat,butter,oil;
w~? a~o~u -~j e ..........Cherem/Mari _?i =oil,butter;
w~? o~a j ...............Votyak/Udm vei,v?j,voj=butter,oil,fat;
v~? o~a j ...............Zuryen/Komi vii,vi=butter;
o~u j~- o ...............Mordvin vaj,oi=fat,butter,oil;
a~o j~i e ...............Finn/Suomi voi=butter
a~o j~i e~i .............Estonian v?i=butter
? j~i e .................Lapp/Saami vuoggjâ=fat,butter,margarine;
ALTAIC mai=butter/Baskir-Turk; bai=butter,fat/Turkic;
Reconstructions..........FinnUgor *wolka== shoulder > shoulder harness (body)
v o>a l(og) .............Magyar/Hung váll =(1) shoulder; (2) separate;
(v) a~o~u l(?) ..........Vogul/Mansi _ujl-ep, ?oil-?p =shoulder harness
a~o l k a~o ............Finn/Suomi _olka=shoulder
a~o l k ? ..............Estonian _?la=shoulder
? lg ? ..................Lapp/Saami _oažge=shoulder
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